Titanium Alloy Sintering Pressure Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Traditional metal injection molding (MIM) processes for titanium-based alloys result in inhomogeneous mechanical properties and significant oxidation due to changes in chemical composition during the sintering stage, particularly due to evaporation of addition elements at reduced pressures.

Innovation Solution

A method involving controlled pressure during sintering steps, with an initial pressure greater than or equal to 1 mbar to prevent evaporation of addition elements, followed by a second sintering step at lower pressure to reduce porosity while limiting evaporation, and optionally a third step to complete densification, ensuring minimal change in chemical composition.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If reduced pressure is applied during sintering to enhance densification, then porosity is reduced, but evaporation of addition elements increases causing chemical composition changes

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovedensificationVSAvoidchemical composition
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The sintering process is divided into multiple stages with different pressure conditions. A first sintering step is performed at elevated pressure (≥1 mbar) to prevent evaporation and maintain chemical composition stability. A second sintering step is then performed at reduced pressure (<1 mbar) to achieve enhanced densification and reduce porosity. This segmentation allows each step to optimize for its specific objective without compromising the other.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The first sintering step at elevated pressure serves as a preliminary action that establishes a stable chemical composition foundation before the second sintering step. By performing densification treatment at higher pressure first, the alloy composition is locked in, preventing evaporation losses that would occur if reduced pressure was applied from the beginning.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Manufacturing precision

If traditional MIM process is used to manufacture complex geometry parts, then manufacturing precision is improved, but mechanical properties become inhomogeneous due to chemical composition changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshape precisionVSAvoidmechanical properties homogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The sintering process is segmented into two distinct phases: a first sintering step at elevated pressure to preserve chemical composition and prevent evaporation, and a second sintering step at reduced pressure to achieve final densification. This segmentation ensures that the alloy composition remains stable throughout the process, producing homogeneous mechanical properties while maintaining the complex geometry precision achieved through metal injection molding.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Manufacturing precision

If extended sintering time is applied to reduce porosity, then densification is improved, but evaporation of addition elements increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovedensificationVSAvoidaddition element evaporation
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The sintering process is divided into two temporal phases with different pressure conditions. The first phase operates at elevated pressure (≥1 mbar) where addition element evaporation is suppressed, allowing extended treatment time for compositional stabilization. The second phase transitions to reduced pressure (<1 mbar) for final densification. This temporal segmentation enables thorough densification treatment without proportionally increasing evaporation losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The first sintering step at elevated pressure performs a preliminary densification and composition stabilization function before the second sintering step. This preliminary action reduces the total time required at reduced pressure, thereby limiting the duration over which evaporation can occur while still achieving adequate densification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach produces titanium-based alloy parts with homogeneous mechanical properties and reduced oxidation, enhancing the service life and reducing production costs by minimizing machining requirements.

Implementation Method 1

a step of sintering the metal powder in order to densify it

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Implementation Method 2

the evaporation of the additive elements is higher as the pressure in the chamber is reduced

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP3223981B1Process for manufacturing three-dimensional parts made of aluminium-titanium alloy
Publication Date: 2024.01.17 SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES SAS
  • EP3223981B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3223981B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a sintered three-dimensional part comprising an alloy based on titanium, the process comprising the following steps: the preparation of an injection composition (step E10) comprising a binder and a powder of an alloy based on titanium comprising aluminium and/or chromium as alloying element, the injection (step E20) of the injection composition into a cavity of a mould so as to obtain a blank of the part to be formed, the selective elimination of the binder present in the blank (step E50), a first step of sintering (step E601) of the powder of the alloy based on titanium, the powder being, during the first sintering step, subjected to a first pressure greater than or equal to 1 mbar in order to obtain a preform of the part made of sintered alloy powder, and a second sintering step, carried out after the first sintering step, during which a second pressure is imposed (step E602), the second pressure being lower than the first pressure, the application time of the second pressure being chosen so that the weight content of aluminium and/or of chromium in a 200 μm thick layer located at the surface of the preform does not vary by more than 5% as a relative value following the second sintering step.