Titanium Casting Using Induction Heating and Pressure Differential

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing titanium casting methods, such as vacuum electric arc smelting and vacuum induction smelting, face inefficiencies, high costs, complex processes, and safety hazards due to the use of water-cooled copper crucibles, which result in low power utilization, lengthy operation times, and potential explosions from reactions with water.

Innovation Solution

A titanium alloy induction melting vacuum suction casting device using a ceramic crucible and induction heating, with a cradle to support the pattern mold, a pressure differential to transfer molten metal, and infrared heating to minimize heat loss and ensure safe, efficient casting of thin-walled components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Temperature

If water-cooled copper crucible is used for melting titanium, then cooling effect is achieved, but heat loss increases and power utilization decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectVSAvoidheat loss
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the water-cooling system from the crucible design, extracting the harmful cooling function while retaining the essential melting capability. The crucible is redesigned as a non-water-cooled ceramic type, eliminating the thermal sink effect that caused excessive heat loss and poor power utilization in traditional copper crucibles.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the material parameter of the crucible from water-cooled copper to non-water-cooled ceramic, fundamentally altering the thermal properties. This parameter change transforms the crucible from an active cooling system to a passive thermal insulation system, reducing heat loss and improving energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Temperature

If water-cooled copper crucible is used for melting titanium, then cooling effect is achieved, but operation time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectVSAvoidoperation time
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the water-cooling system that was causing prolonged operation times. By extracting this harmful cooling function, the melting process completes faster as all heating energy is directed toward melting the titanium alloy without being continuously dissipated by water cooling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The crucible material parameter is changed from water-cooled copper to non-water-cooled ceramic, which fundamentally alters the thermal dynamics. This change reduces the time required to reach melting temperature and complete the casting process, directly addressing the prolonged operation time issue.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Temperature

If water-cooled copper crucible is used for melting titanium, then cooling effect is achieved, but safety hazard increases due to potential explosion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling effectVSAvoidexplosion hazard
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the water-cooling system that created the safety hazard. By eliminating the water-titanium contact pathway, the catastrophic reaction risk is removed entirely, as titanium at melting temperature cannot come into contact with water to cause explosion.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates an inert environment by using a non-water-cooled ceramic crucible system, eliminating the reactive water-titanium interface. The ceramic material provides thermal insulation without chemical reactivity, creating a safe environment for melting highly reactive titanium alloys.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

4Reliability

If traditional casting process is used, then complete melting and casting is achieved, but cycle time increases to 60-80 minutes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplete melting and castingVSAvoidcycle time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces traditional resistance heating or arc heating with induction heating technology. This substitution enables faster, more efficient, and more controllable heating, reducing the melting and casting cycle from 60-80 minutes to approximately 15 minutes while ensuring complete melting and casting quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the heating method parameter from traditional thermal conduction or radiation to electromagnetic induction heating. This parameter change fundamentally improves the heating rate and efficiency, directly reducing the overall cycle time while maintaining reliable complete melting and casting.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

5Ease of operation

If traditional loading method with wedge is used, then mold fixation is achieved, but mold breakage risk increases due to stress and transportation damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemold fixationVSAvoidmold breakage risk
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a cradle structure that replicates and distributes the support function across multiple contact points rather than concentrating stress at a single wedge location. This distributed support system reduces localized stress on the mold while maintaining secure fixation during the casting process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The cradle structure provides beforehand cushioning by distributing mechanical stresses and absorbing shocks during loading and transportation. This preventive design protects the mold from breakage before damage can occur, rather than relying on reactive measures after stress concentration causes failure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

6Ease of operation

If traditional loading method is used, then mold fixation is achieved, but loading time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemold fixationVSAvoidloading time
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The cradle structure provides multiple simultaneous contact points for mold support, enabling parallel stabilization during loading. This distributes the fixation function across multiple locations, reducing the time required to securely position and stabilize the mold compared to sequential wedge adjustment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The cradle is pre-positioned in the casting furnace before mold installation, allowing the mold to be directly placed onto the prepared support structure. This preliminary preparation eliminates the need for time-consuming adjustment and fixation operations during the loading process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method reduces cycle times, minimizes part-to-part variation, and enhances safety by using ceramic crucibles and induction heating, achieving faster and more repeatable casting cycles while preventing hazardous reactions.

Implementation Method 1

melting the titanium alloy ingot within the ceramic crucible utilizing induction heating generated by an induction coil positioned around the ceramic crucible

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

melting the titanium alloy ingot within the ceramic crucible utilizing induction heating generated by an induction coil positioned around the ceramic crucible

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInduction heating: Induction Heating

Implementation Method 3

transferred into the mold from the crucible using a pressure differential created between the external chamber and the internal chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure differential: Pressure Gradient

Implementation Method 4

heating the mold using an infrared heating unit positioned within the internal chamber to create a heated mold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInfrared radiation: Infrared Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP3439814B1Unit cell titanium casting
Publication Date: 2020.12.09 CALLAWAY GOLF COMPANY
  • EP3439814B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3439814B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3439814B1 patent drawingFigure 2A

AI summary

A system (5) and method (800) for unit cell casting of titanium or titanium-alloys is disclosed herein. The system (5) comprises an external chamber (45), a crucible (10) positioned within the external chamber (45), an induction coil (15) positioned around the crucible, an internal chamber (40) positioned within the external chamber (45), and a mold (30) positioned within the internal chamber (40). The external chamber (45) is evacuated and a pressurized gas is injected into the evacuated external chamber (45) to create a pressurized external chamber (45). An ingot (20) is melted within the crucible utilizing induction heating generated by the induction coil (15). The internal chamber (40) is evacuated to create an evacuated internal chamber (40). The titanium alloy material of the ingot (20) is completely transferred into the mold (30) from the crucible (10) using a pressure differential created between the external chamber (45) and the internal chamber (40).