Titanium Oxide Coated Gene Delivery Stent for Restenosis Prevention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current gene delivery stents face challenges with late thrombosis, metal allergy, and vascular restenosis due to the use of non-degradable polymers and viral vectors, which can cause inflammation and immune reactions, and lack specificity in targeting vascular smooth muscle cells.
Innovation Solution
A gene delivery stent with a titanium oxide thin film coating, where titanium dioxide or nitrogen-doped titanium oxide is applied using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, modified to introduce a hydroxyl group for drug and gene adherence, incorporating anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic drugs like abciximab and heparin, and oligonucleotides to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell growth.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If non-degradable polymers (PLGA, collagen) are used to coat the stent surface for gene delivery, then gene delivery capability is improved, but biocompatibility deteriorates causing inflammation and immune reactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the problematic non-degradable polymer coating layer from the stent surface, replacing it with a titanium oxide thin film coating that provides gene delivery capability without causing inflammation or immune reactions. This extraction of the harmful element (non-degradable polymer) resolves the contradiction between gene delivery capability and biocompatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the material parameter of the coating layer from non-degradable organic polymers to inorganic titanium oxide with specific properties (hydroxyl group introduction, controlled porosity). This parameter change maintains gene delivery functionality while eliminating the harmful inflammatory and immune responses associated with non-degradable polymers.
2Reliability
If viral vectors are used for gene delivery, then gene transfection efficiency is improved, but biocompatibility deteriorates due to immune reactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the viral vector from the gene delivery system, replacing it with a non-viral titanium oxide-based delivery mechanism. This removal of the viral component maintains effective gene transfection while completely avoiding the immune reactions and safety concerns associated with viral vectors.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces titanium oxide thin film as an intermediary carrier between the gene and the target cells. This intermediary provides a safe, non-viral platform for gene delivery that achieves effective transfection without triggering immune responses, replacing the problematic viral vector intermediary.
3Reliability
If drug eluting stent is used to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, then restenosis is reduced, but endothelial cell growth is excessively inhibited causing late thrombus formation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by using gene therapy to specifically target and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through controlled gene expression, while the titanium oxide coating promotes endothelial cell growth and re-endothelization. This localized differential effect prevents restenosis without causing late thrombus formation, resolving the contradiction between restenosis prevention and thrombus risk.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the therapeutic approach from drug-based inhibition to gene-based controlled expression, altering the biological parameter of cell proliferation regulation. This enables selective inhibition of smooth muscle cells while preserving endothelial cell function, eliminating the harmful side effect of late thrombus formation.
4Object-affected harmful factors
If titanium oxide thin film coating is applied, then biocompatibility and anti-thrombotic properties are improved, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The titanium oxide thin film coating serves multiple functions simultaneously: it provides biocompatibility, anti-thrombotic properties, gene delivery capability, and structural stability. This multi-functionality consolidates several requirements into a single coating layer, reducing overall device complexity despite the advanced manufacturing process.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure combining titanium oxide thin film with embedded drugs and genes. This composite material approach integrates multiple therapeutic functions into a unified coating system, managing complexity through material science rather than separate components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The titanium oxide thin film coating reduces late thrombosis and metal allergy while effectively delivering genes to inhibit cell growth, preventing vascular restenosis and enhancing the treatment effects of bare metal stents.
Implementation Method 1
titanium dioxide or nitrogen-doped titanium oxide is applied using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Implementation Method 2
modified to introduce a hydroxyl group for drug and gene adherence
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to a gene delivery stent using titanium oxide thin film coating and a method for fabricating the gene delivery stent. The gene delivery stent according to the present invention may be loaded with a drug having anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects and simultaneously deliver a gene capable of inhibiting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Accordingly, late thrombosis and metal allergy may be reduced, and vascular restenosis in the stent region may be prevented, thereby making it possible to increase treatment effects of the bare metal stent.