Titanium Oxide Glazing Coating for High Reflection and Resistance
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Solution Overview
Problem
Glazing systems coated by cathodic sputtering lack mechanical and chemical resistance, making them unsuitable for exposed applications, and the production logistics are inefficient due to the need for specific installations and precursor availability.
Innovation Solution
The use of titanium oxide-based layers, combined with other oxides such as zirconium oxide, provides the necessary resistance and optical properties, allowing for glazing systems with high reflection and transmission while being resistant to thermal treatments and external stresses, without the need for infrared-reflecting metal layers like silver.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If cathodic sputtering is used to deposit layers on glass, then the glazing systems achieve high reflection and transmission with interesting solar factors, but the layers lack mechanical and chemical resistance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines titanium oxide layer (providing optical properties with high reflection and transmission) with silicon oxide layer (providing mechanical and chemical resistance). This composite structure allows the glazing system to achieve both energy efficiency and durability, resolving the contradiction between optical performance and resistance to external stresses.
2Reliability
If pyrolysis is used to coat glass, then the layers achieve high mechanical and chemical resistance, but specific adapted precursors are required and heavy installations must be integrated into production lines
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the deposition method from pyrolysis to cathodic sputtering, which uses different physical parameters (vacuum deposition with ion bombardment) to achieve layer formation. This allows the use of standard glass production lines without heavy pyrolysis installations while still achieving durable layers through the composite structure and subsequent thermal treatment.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies the functional layers to glass sheets before final assembly and installation. By depositing the titanium oxide and silicon oxide layers on flat glass sheets in advance using cathodic sputtering, the process avoids the need for complex on-line pyrolysis installations and allows for subsequent cutting, tempering, and assembly operations.
3Loss of energy
If silver-based infrared-reflecting metal layers are used, then the glazing systems achieve high reflection, but the systems show clear fragility towards external stresses
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the fragile but effective silver-based metal layers with a composite oxide structure (titanium oxide and silicon oxide). While the oxide layers are more resistant to stress, they achieve similar or better optical performance through their semiconductor properties and controlled deposition, eliminating the fragility issue of metal layers.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the material composition from metal (silver) to semiconductor oxides (titanium oxide and silicon oxide). This fundamental material parameter change allows the system to maintain high infrared reflection through the optical properties of the oxides while gaining superior mechanical strength and chemical stability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The titanium oxide-based layers with specific compositions and thicknesses, along with additional oxides, enhance mechanical and chemical resistance, maintain optical properties, and withstand thermal treatments, enabling the production of glazing systems that meet the performance standards of pyrolytic coatings without the logistical constraints of traditional cathodic sputtering.
Implementation Method 1
The coating operations using these techniques are conducted at a later stage... by means of cathodic sputtering under vacuum
Implementation Method 2
high reflection in the visible range while retaining a significant transmission
Implementation Method 3
the ratio of energy both transmitted through the glazing and reemitted by this towards the interior after absorption
Implementation Method 4
by choosing the appropriate layers or layer systems produced it is also possible to subject the glazing systems in question to subsequent intensive thermal treatments without impairing the essential features provided by these layers
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a glazing that comprises at least one layer deposited by cathodic spraying under vacuum, said layer containing one or more oxides and a proportion in weight of titanium oxide of at least 40% and not exceeding 95%. The thickness of the layer in question and optionally the thickness of the other layers containing metal oxide is/are selected so that on a clear “float” glass sheet having a thickness of 4 mm, said layer(s) would yield a reflection of at least 15% and a light transmission of at least 60%. The layer or layer system in question further has a mechanical and/or chemical resistance comparable to that of layers produced by pyrolysis for obtaining products having the same kind of optical properties.