Amorphous Titanium Stannate Silicate Catalyst
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current silicate catalysts and adsorbents lack improved physical properties such as pore size and catalytic selectivity and activity, particularly in esterification and transesterification reactions, and existing methods for preparing titanate salts are limited by insolubility and loading capacity.
Innovation Solution
Development of amorphous titanium stannate silicate with a three-dimensional oxide network structure, prepared through a precipitation reaction in an aqueous medium, allowing for high Sn incorporation and adjustable molar ratios, enhancing pore volume and catalytic activity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If traditional titanium silicate materials are used, then the catalyst structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the pore volume and catalytic activity are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite material by incorporating tin (Sn) into the titanium silicate structure to form titanium stannate silicate. This composite approach combines the advantages of different elements: titanium provides catalytic activity, silicon forms the structural framework, and tin enhances pore volume and surface area. The synergistic effect of these elements resolves the contradiction by achieving higher catalytic activity through compositional complexity rather than structural complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by strategically incorporating tin atoms at specific positions within the silicate framework. The tin atoms are integrated into the oxygen network at controlled concentrations (0.01 to 99 atomic percent), creating localized active sites that enhance catalytic activity without requiring throughout structural complexity. This localized modification allows the majority of the structure to remain simple while achieving improved performance.
2Quantity of substance
If ion exchange method is used to introduce tin into titanium silicate, then the preparation is simple, but the tin loading capacity is limited by exchangeable cations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent fundamentally changes the parameter of tin incorporation from cationic (Sn2+) to anionic (stannate SnO32−). This parameter change allows tin to be introduced in higher concentrations because stannate ions can be incorporated into the silicate framework without being limited by the number of exchangeable cations. The preparation method uses precipitation reactions with soluble stannate salts, maintaining ease of manufacture while dramatically increasing tin loading capacity to potentially 78 atomic percent or higher.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses soluble stannate salts (such as sodium stannate) as intermediaries to introduce tin into the titanium silicate structure. These soluble intermediaries allow for controlled precipitation and incorporation of tin in the stannate form, bypassing the limitations of direct cation exchange. The intermediary approach enables higher tin concentrations while maintaining simple aqueous-based preparation procedures.
3Productivity
If Sn is introduced as cation through ion exchange, then Sn(II) is incorporated, but the catalytic selectivity and activity are not optimized
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the oxidation state parameter of tin from Sn(II) cation to Sn(IV) stannate. This parameter change is critical because Sn(IV) in the stannate form provides superior catalytic activity and selectivity for esterification and transesterification reactions. The stannate anion (SnO32−) inherently stabilizes tin in the +4 oxidation state, eliminating the need for additional stabilization measures and providing both improved catalysis and compositional stability simultaneously.
4Productivity
If amorphous structure is used, then the material has high surface area, but the pore size and catalytic properties need improvement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by incorporating tin atoms at specific positions within the amorphous silicate framework. These localized tin sites create regions of enhanced catalytic activity while the overall amorphous structure maintains its high surface area and flexible pore network. The tin atoms act as localized active sites that improve catalytic selectivity without requiring precise control over entire pore dimensions, thus maintaining the advantages of amorphous structures while enhancing catalytic performance.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The amorphous titanium stannate silicate exhibits improved physical and catalytic properties, including higher pore volume and average pore diameter, increased BET surface area, and enhanced activity in esterification and transesterification reactions, surpassing traditional amorphous titanium silicate materials.
Implementation Method 1
a method for the preparation of the titanium stannate silicate according to the invention comprising a precipitation reaction in an aqueous medium between a soluble silicate source, a soluble stannate source and a soluble titanium source, whereby the titanium stannate silicate is precipitated and isolated
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to an amorphous titanium stannate silicate with the general formula: Mv+wTixSiySnzO2x+2y+2z+0.5vw, wherein M is proton, ammonium, a metal or a mixture of metals, wherein v is the valence of M being a positive integer, and wherein x, y, z and w are molar ratios: x is 1, y is from 0.01 to 99, z is from 0.01 to 99, and w is from 0.01 to 50. The described titanium stannate silicates are particularly useful in catalysis and adsorption.