TLP Measurement Using Distributed Sensing Probes

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing Transmission Line Pulse (TLP) techniques face limitations in achieving high time resolution while allowing for arbitrarily long pulse durations, due to measurement errors caused by cable length and the need for close proximity of oscilloscope probes to the device under test.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus comprising a conductor with predetermined impedance and pulse propagation velocity, and at least two sensing probes positioned at different measurement points, allows for the determination of the response of a device under test to an electrical pulse with arbitrarily long duration, while achieving high time resolution by measuring transit times between sensing probes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If oscilloscope probes are positioned close to the device under test to avoid measurement errors, then measurement precision is improved, but the pulse duration is limited and time resolution is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement precisionVSAvoidpulse duration
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the measurement system into multiple sensing probes positioned at different locations along the conductor, each measuring voltage at its specific position. This segmentation allows the system to reconstruct the complete voltage and current waveforms at the device under test by combining measurements from multiple points, thereby achieving both long pulse duration and high measurement precision without requiring probes to be positioned extremely close to the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a distributed sensing system along the conductor as an intermediary between the pulse generator and the device under test. This intermediary system provides multiple measurement points that capture voltage and current information throughout the conductor, enabling accurate determination of device response without the need for probe proximity to the device, thus allowing longer pulse durations while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Duration of action of moving object

If the conductor length is increased to allow longer pulse durations, then pulse duration is improved, but measurement errors increase due to cable length

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepulse durationVSAvoidmeasurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the conductor into multiple measurement sections with sensing probes distributed along its length. Each probe measures voltage at its specific location, and the system reconstructs the complete waveform by combining these segmented measurements. This approach allows the conductor to be sufficiently long for long pulse durations while maintaining measurement precision through distributed sensing rather than relying on a single proximity-based measurement point.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the traditional single-point mechanical proximity measurement system with a distributed sensing system that uses multiple measurement points along the conductor. This substitution eliminates the trade-off between conductor length and measurement precision by using multiple probes to capture voltage and current information throughout the entire conductor, enabling long pulse durations without the measurement errors associated with single-point measurements on long cables.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Loss of time

If Very Fast TLP techniques are used with single voltage sensor to achieve high time resolution, then time resolution is improved, but only very short pulses can be used due to cable loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetime resolutionVSAvoidpulse duration
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the measurement function across multiple sensing probes distributed along the conductor, each capturing voltage at its location. This segmentation enables the system to achieve high time resolution by measuring voltage at multiple points simultaneously while supporting longer pulse durations because the distributed sensing architecture reduces cable loss effects compared to single-point measurement systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a universal measurement system that can handle both very short pulses (for high time resolution) and longer pulses (for comprehensive ESD testing) using the same distributed sensing architecture. The multi-functional system uses multiple sensing probes to capture voltage and current information throughout the conductor, making it adaptable to different pulse durations without the cable loss limitations of single-sensor Very Fast TLP systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables the determination of voltage and current at the device under test with high time resolution, overcoming the limitations of traditional TLP systems by allowing longer pulse durations and shorter conductor lengths, thus combining the advantages of both TLP and Very Fast TLP systems.

Implementation Method 1

a conductor for coupling the electrical pulse generator to the device under test, wherein the conductor has a predetermined electrical impedance and a predetermined pulse propagation velocity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical pulse propagation: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

each of the at least two sensing probes is positioned at one of at least two measurement points on the conductor and is configured to generate a signal in direct proportion to a current or a voltage applied to the conductor at the corresponding measurement point

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage sensing: Electric Field

Implementation Method 3

a distance between two of these different measurement points on the conductor is respectively defined in such a way, that a transit time of the electrical pulse between these two different measurement points can be determined

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime of flight measurement: Time of Flight

Data Source

PatentUS12235307B2Apparatus and method for determining a response of a device under test to an electrical pulse generated by a pulse generator
Publication Date: 2025.02.25 UNIV DER BUNDESWEHR MUNCHEN
  • US12235307B2 patent drawing
  • US12235307B2 patent drawing
  • US12235307B2 patent drawing

AI summary

An apparatus for determining a response of a device under test to an electrical pulse generated by a pulse generator. The apparatus can include a conductor for coupling the electrical pulse generator to the device under test and at least two sensing probes connected to the conductor. Each of the at least two sensing probes can be positioned at one of at least two measurement points and can be configured to generate a signal in direct proportion to a current flowing in or a voltage applied to the conductor at the corresponding measurement point. A determination device can be configured to determine the response of the device under test to the electrical pulse based on the signals generated by the at least two sensing probes nd the transit times of the electrical pulse between these different measurement points.