TLS Post Quantum Cryptography Integration via Hybrid Handshake

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current implementations of post-quantum cryptography in TLS protocols are vulnerable to attacks as they can be downgraded to traditional cryptographic algorithms, which are susceptible to quantum attacks, and do not provide adequate protection against man-in-the-middle attacks.

Innovation Solution

The integration of post-quantum cryptographic algorithms into TLS protocols involves signaling the request for post-quantum cryptography through embedded signals in handshake messages, using hybrid modes where post-quantum algorithms protect traditional algorithms, and employing the Kyber algorithm for key exchange to establish a secure connection resistant to quantum attacks.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If post-quantum cryptographic algorithms are integrated into TLS protocols, then security against quantum attacks is improved, but compatibility with traditional cryptographic systems and ease of implementation deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecurity against quantum attacksVSAvoidimplementation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces hybrid cipher suites that combine both traditional cryptographic algorithms (RSA, ECDHE) and post-quantum algorithms (Kyber KEM, Dilithium signatures) as intermediaries. This allows the system to transition from traditional to post-quantum cryptography while maintaining compatibility with existing TLS infrastructure and providing a path forward without complete system replacement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic algorithm selection where the TLS handshake can adaptively choose between traditional and post-quantum algorithms based on server capabilities, client support, and security requirements. The hybrid approach allows flexible combination of algorithms during different phases of the handshake process

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If post-quantum cryptographic algorithms are used in TLS handshakes, then protection against quantum attacks is improved, but processing time and computational overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequantum-safe securityVSAvoidhandshake time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the TLS handshake into distinct phases where different algorithms are applied: traditional algorithms handle initial authentication and key exchange, while post-quantum algorithms provide additional layers of security. This segmentation allows parallel execution of multiple cryptographic operations and optimizes the use of computational resources

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The hybrid approach applies post-quantum algorithms partially - using them for specific cryptographic primitives (KEM for key exchange, signatures for authentication) while relying on traditional algorithms for other aspects. This partial application reduces the overall computational overhead compared to using post-quantum algorithms throughout the entire handshake

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Ease of operation

If traditional cryptographic algorithms are used in TLS, then compatibility and ease of operation are maintained, but vulnerability to quantum attacks increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecompatibility with existing systemsVSAvoidvulnerability to quantum attacks
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates composite cryptographic systems by combining traditional and post-quantum algorithms into hybrid cipher suites. This composite approach maintains the familiar TLS handshake structure and compatibility with existing implementations while incorporating quantum-resistant algorithms to protect against future quantum threats

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Data Source

PatentEP4176563B1TLS integration of post quantum cryptographic algorithms
Publication Date: 2024.08.14 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION
  • EP4176563B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4176563B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4176563B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method and a system for integrating post quantum cryptographic algorithms into TLS. The method includes transmitting a client hello message to a server including a request for post quantum cryptographic (PQC) mode of operation and a PQC public client key, receiving a server hello message from the server in response to the client hello message including a PQC server key exchange generated from the PQC public client key. The method includes determining the server hello message includes an authorization to operate the PQC mode of operation. The method also includes transmitting a second client hello message to the server including a PQC encrypted client key share. The PQC encrypted client key share is encrypted using a client encryption key. The method includes receiving a second server hello message that includes a PQC encrypted server key share and decrypting the PQC encrypted server key share using a server encryption key.