Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer Ion Detector with Photodiode Array

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current Time of Flight mass spectrometers face limitations in distinguishing between single and multiple ion arrivals, leading to inaccurate signal intensity and arrival time measurements, and suffer from limited abundance sensitivity due to electronic noise and crosstalk, making them ineffective at high ion currents.

Innovation Solution

An ion detector system utilizing a single Micro Channel Plate (MCP) in conjunction with a photodiode array, where electrons are converted into photons and detected by a photodiode array, providing a high overall gain and improved abundance sensitivity, capable of processing high ion arrival rates without crosstalk.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a one bit TDC detector system is used, then efficient detection of weak signals is achieved, but the ability to distinguish between single and multiple ion arrivals is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection efficiency for weak signalsVSAvoidability to distinguish single vs multiple ion arrivals
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention divides the detection system into multiple independent channels (e.g., 8 channels), where each channel processes ion arrival information separately. This segmentation allows the system to detect multiple ion arrivals simultaneously by recording which channels are triggered, thereby distinguishing between single and multiple ion events while maintaining efficient weak signal detection capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Device complexity

If a fixed amplitude threshold is used for ion detection, then simple event recording is achieved, but accurate representation of signal intensity is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesimplicity of detection mechanismVSAvoidaccuracy of signal intensity measurement
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention transitions from a single-dimensional threshold-based detection to a multi-dimensional channel-based detection system. Instead of relying solely on amplitude threshold crossing, the system uses multiple parallel channels that can independently detect ion arrivals, adding a dimensional aspect to the detection that preserves signal intensity information through the pattern of channel activations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Quantity of substance

If ADC detector system is used, then multiple ion arrivals can be recorded at high signal intensities, but detection of low intensity signals is limited by electronic noise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of ions that can be detectedVSAvoiddetection limit for low intensity signals
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

By dividing the detection system into multiple channels, the invention enables simultaneous detection of multiple ion arrivals (handling high signal intensities) while maintaining low noise performance in each individual channel. The segmentation isolates electronic noise to each channel, preventing it from overwhelming low intensity signals, while the collective output of multiple channels captures high intensity events.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system significantly enhances dynamic range and abundance sensitivity, enabling detection of 10^9 ion events per second with improved accuracy and reduced crosstalk, effectively handling bright ion sources.

Implementation Method 1

A ion detector for a Time of Flight mass spectrometer comprises a single Micro Channel Plate ("MCP")... which are arranged and adapted to convert ions into electrons

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSecondary electron emission: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

an array of photodiodes... which are arranged and adapted to detect electrons and create a signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP3007203B1Multiple channel detection for time of flight mass spectrometer
Publication Date: 2020.01.22 MICROMASS UK LTD
  • EP3007203B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP3007203B1 patent drawingFigure 1C~1D
  • EP3007203B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

An ion detector for a Time of Flight mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising a single Microchannel Plate 1 which is arranged to receive ions 2 and output electrons 3. The electrons 3 are directed onto a scintillator 9 and onto an array of photodiodes 4 which detects photons 11 generated from the electrons 3. The output from each photodiode 4 is connected to a separate Time to Digital Converter provided on an ASIC 5.