ToF Sensor Pixel Charge Drainage for Distance Ambiguity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional Continuous Wave (CW) ToF sensors face a distance ambiguity problem, requiring additional power and measurements to resolve, which is not always necessary as the scene may not contain objects at longer distances.

Innovation Solution

A ToF sensor with a plurality of photo-sensitive sensor pixels, each comprising at least two charge storages and a drain terminal, where a common charge storage is coupled to the drain terminal of a subset of these pixels, allowing for selective drainage and storage of charge carriers generated by incident light, with the common charge storage accumulating electrical energy indicative of objects outside the target measurement range.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If additional measurements are performed to resolve distance ambiguity, then measurement precision is improved, but use of energy increases and productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by performing measurements selectively - only when distance ambiguity is detected. The system first performs a standard ToF measurement, and only if ambiguity is present does it perform additional measurements with different modulation frequencies. This avoids unnecessary energy consumption while maintaining measurement precision when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses its own measurement data to determine whether additional measurements are needed. By analyzing the correlation function and detecting ambiguity in the initial measurement, the system self-regulates the measurement process, performing additional measurements only when the data indicates ambiguity is present.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Measurement precision

If additional measurements are performed to resolve distance ambiguity, then measurement precision is improved, but productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs partial measurements - only the necessary number of measurements to resolve ambiguity. By using the correlation function analysis to detect ambiguity, the system avoids performing full sets of additional measurements when they are not needed, thus maintaining productivity while ensuring precision when required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback from the initial measurement (correlation function analysis) to control whether additional measurements are performed. The measurement process is adaptive - the result of the first measurement determines the need for subsequent measurements, optimizing the balance between precision and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

3Measurement precision

If a common charge storage is added to drain charge carriers from multiple pixels, then device complexity increases, but measurement precision improves

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedistance measurement accuracyVSAvoidsensor structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the charge storage functionality across multiple pixels by introducing a common charge storage that receives charge carriers from multiple pixel units. This consolidation allows shared processing of charge data to detect distance ambiguity, improving measurement precision while the modular design keeps the added complexity manageable.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enables efficient determination of objects outside the target measurement range, reducing unnecessary measurements and power consumption while maintaining accurate distance measurements within the range.

Implementation Method 1

A pixel comprising the photo electric conversion element is equipped with plural capacitors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric conversion: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

The common charge storage comprises one or more capacitor or potential well formed in a semiconductor material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical energy accumulation: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP4148459B1Time-of-flight sensors and electronic device
Publication Date: 2024.03.20 INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG
  • EP4148459B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4148459B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4148459B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensor is provided. The ToF sensor includes a plurality of photo-sensitive sensor pixels each comprising at least two charge storages and a drain terminal. Further, the ToF sensor includes a common charge storage coupled to the respective drain terminal of at least a first subset of the plurality of photo-sensitive sensor pixels. For at least one of a plurality of first ToF measurements, the photo-sensitive sensor pixels of at least the first subset are configured to, via the respective drain terminal, drain part of charge carriers generated in the respective photo-sensitive sensor pixel during the at least one of the plurality of first ToF measurements by incident light caused by one or more object outside a target measurement range of the ToF sensor. Further, for the at least one of the plurality of first ToF measurements, the photo-sensitive sensor pixels of at least the first subset are configured to selectively store another part of the charge carriers in the at least two charge storages of the respective photo-sensitive sensor pixel. The common charge storage is configured to accumulate electrical energy conveyed by currents output by the coupled drain terminals and output first data indicative of the accumulated electrical energy.