Tomographic Imaging Fusion for Material Composition Analysis

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current imaging technologies in non-destructive testing, such as X-ray and radar tomography, face limitations in accurately determining material composition and structure due to artefacts, distortions, and insufficient information from single modality approaches, which can lead to suboptimal image quality and increased exposure times.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus and method that combine X-ray and radar tomography data to generate improved images by using complementary information from both modalities, where raw data from X-ray tomography provides information on density and absorption, and radar tomography provides information on permittivity, allowing for iterative reconstruction and reduced exposure times.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If X-ray tomography is used to generate images, then material composition determination is based on absorption capacity, but the absorption capacity depends on both material and X-ray spectrum making precise material specification difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial composition determinationVSAvoidmaterial specification accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines X-ray tomography and radar tomography to create a fused image that integrates absorption capacity information from X-ray with permittivity information from radar, enabling precise material specification that neither modality can achieve alone

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Measurement precision

If radar tomography is used to generate images, then permittivity distribution is obtained, but artefacts and distortions occur due to diffraction or refraction of microwaves

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepermittivity distributionVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses X-ray tomography data as an intermediary to correct artefacts in radar images. The X-ray image serves as a reference model that helps identify and correct diffraction and refraction distortions in the radar-based permittivity distribution

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Device complexity

If single modality tomography is used, then image reconstruction is simpler, but image quality is suboptimal and exposure time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage reconstruction processVSAvoidimage quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the approach by using multiple imaging modalities with different physical parameters (X-ray absorption, radar permittivity) to reconstruct images. This multi-parameter approach improves image quality and reduces exposure time while maintaining manageable reconstruction complexity through iterative optimization

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in higher-quality images with reduced artefacts and lower exposure times, enabling better material and structural analysis by integrating information from different observation technologies, thus overcoming the limitations of single-modality imaging.

Implementation Method 1

determination of material composition is based on different absorption capacities of different materials

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

radar tomography to generate images comprising a permittivity distribution according to different materials being observed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDielectric permittivity: Dielectric Permittivity

Implementation Method 3

radar based images often comprise artefacts or distortions e.g. due to inevitable diffraction or refraction of microwaves

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffraction: Diffraction

Implementation Method 4

radar based images often comprise artefacts or distortions e.g. due to inevitable diffraction or refraction of microwaves

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Data Source

PatentEP3968013B1An apparatus and a method for generating an image of an observed object and a system for imaging an object
Publication Date: 2024.07.24 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3968013B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3968013B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3968013B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An embodiment of an apparatus 100 for generating an image 101 of an observed object, wherein the apparatus 100 is configured to receive first raw data 102 generated observing the object using a first observation technology 104 based on tomographic methods. The apparatus 100 is further configured to receive second raw data 103 generated observing the object using a second observation technology 105 based on tomographic methods differing from the first observation technology 104. Further, the apparatus 100 is configured to generate the image 101 using first raw data 102 and second raw data 103.