Tomosynthesis X-ray Source Blur Reduction via Virtual Detector Motion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing x-ray imaging systems, particularly in mammography, face challenges in minimizing radiation exposure and image distortion due to the use of a moving x-ray source, which affects the quality of three-dimensional tomosynthesis images and increases system complexity and cost.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a radiographic projection tomography apparatus that uses a control processor to coordinate the movement of an x-ray source along a scanning path while virtually moving the x-ray detector to minimize source blur and reduce the apparent size of the x-ray source, using digital shifting of projection frames to emulate detector motion, thereby reducing image distortion and system complexity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If a moving x-ray source is used to reduce radiation exposure and obtain volumetric data, then radiation dose to target tissue is minimized, but image distortion along the source direction of motion occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradiation doseVSAvoidimage distortion
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a virtual copy of the detector's motion through digital image processing. By digitally shifting projection frames to emulate detector movement, the system reproduces the effect of a physically moving detector without the mechanical complexity, thereby reducing image distortion while maintaining the benefits of source motion

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical detector motion system with a digital image processing system. Instead of physically moving the detector to compensate for source motion blur, the system uses computational methods to shift and reposition projection frames, eliminating the need for complex mechanical assemblies while achieving the same correction effect

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Manufacturing precision

If a moving x-ray detector is used to mitigate image distortion, then source blur is reduced, but system complexity and cost increase due to complex mechanical assemblies and precise synchronization requirements

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesource blurVSAvoidmechanical assembly complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a virtual copy of the detector's motion through digital image processing. By digitally shifting projection frames to emulate detector movement, the system reproduces the effect of a physically moving detector without the mechanical complexity, thereby reducing image distortion while maintaining the benefits of source motion

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical detector motion system with a digital image processing system. Instead of physically moving the detector to compensate for source motion blur, the system uses computational methods to shift and reposition projection frames, eliminating the need for complex mechanical assemblies while achieving the same correction effect

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Productivity

If fast tomosynthesis with continuous source motion is used for rapid imaging, then real-time or near-real-time imaging is achieved, but signal transfer at higher frequencies is reduced and information is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimaging speedVSAvoidsignal transfer loss
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements periodic source motion with alternating exposure and concealment intervals. The source moves during concealment intervals and remains stationary during exposure intervals, creating a periodic pattern that allows for sharp image acquisition while maintaining overall rapid imaging capability through efficient use of motion periods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary positioning of the x-ray source to a stationary exposure position before acquiring projection images. By pre-positioning the source at the correct location and maintaining it stationary during exposure, the system ensures optimal signal transfer and image quality before proceeding to the next imaging position

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables rapid and high-quality three-dimensional imaging with reduced radiation exposure, minimizing the apparent size of the x-ray source and simplifying the reconstruction process, while maintaining image fidelity and reducing the need for complex mechanical assemblies.

Implementation Method 1

x-ray imaging systems expose an x-ray detector, e.g., gamma photon scintillator or film, to an x-ray source

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray emission: X-Ray

Implementation Method 2

Attenuation or dispersion of photons emitted from the x-ray source within the target object produces a variegated image at the x-ray detector

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhoton attenuation: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 3

virtually moving the x-ray detector to minimize source blur and reduce the apparent size of the x-ray source, using digital shifting of projection frames to emulate detector motion

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDigital image shifting: Image Processing

Data Source

PatentEP3127484B1System and method for tomosynthesis image acquisition
Publication Date: 2018.07.25 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP3127484B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3127484B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3127484B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for image acquisition includes selectively concealing and exposing an x-ray source 18 to a target object 56 while the x-ray source 18 travels along a first path P, virtually moving an x-ray detector 20 along a second path P' in a first direction while the x-ray source 18 is exposed to the target object 56, and virtually moving the x-ray detector 20 along the second path P' in a second direction generally opposite the first direction while the x-ray source 18 is concealed from the target object 56.