Electrophotographic Toner Charge Control to Prevent Long-Term Fogging

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Solution Overview

Problem

Image forming apparatuses using electrophotographic methods experience fogging issues due to the migration of external additives, leading to reduced charge quantity of toner and subsequent image defects over long-term use.

Innovation Solution

The use of a positive external additive, such as strontium titanate, to control the charge quantity of toner, combined with specific voltage control strategies to manage the adhesion of additives, prevents fogging by maintaining optimal toner charge levels.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If external additives are used to stabilize charging performance, then fogging is suppressed initially, but the external additive migrates to non-image regions during long-term use, reducing toner charge quantity and worsening fogging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveimage quality stabilityVSAvoidexternal additive amount
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent recovers external additives that have migrated to non-image regions by applying reverse polarity voltage to attract them back to the toner, and replenishes them through the charging member to maintain stable charging performance and prevent fogging during long-term use

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

2Quantity of substance

If external additive amount is increased to maintain charge quantity, then fogging is reduced, but the migration effect is enhanced and charge quantity control becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetoner charge quantityVSAvoidfogging
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies reverse polarity voltage to the charging member to create a feedback mechanism that attracts migrated external additives back to the toner, automatically maintaining optimal charge quantity and preventing fogging without manual intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the voltage polarity parameter during different operational phases: normal polarity during image formation and reverse polarity during non-image formation to control external additive distribution and maintain stable charge quantity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach maintains good image quality over extended use by preventing toner adherence to non-image regions, thereby reducing fogging and ensuring consistent print quality.

Implementation Method 1

a charging voltage is applied to the charging member in a non-image formation period, thereby generating an electrostatic force that acts on the external additive having a charge polarity opposite to that of the toner

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic force: Electrostatics

Implementation Method 2

generating an electrostatic force that acts on the external additive having a charge polarity opposite to that of the toner, thereby transporting the external additive to the developer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic attraction: Ion Repulsion/Attraction

Data Source

PatentEP4394517B1Image forming apparatus
Publication Date: 2026.04.01 CANON KK
  • EP4394517B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4394517B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4394517B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An image forming apparatus is characterized by that a region of the surface of an image bearing member in which a second potential difference that generates an electrostatic force such that developer which is charged to an opposite polarity to the normal charging polarity of the developer moves from the image bearing member to a developer bearing member was generated in a second operation that moves the developer from the surface of the image bearing member to the developer bearing member includes a region where a first potential difference that generates an electrostatic force such that the developer which is charged to an opposite polarity to the normal charging polarity of the developer moves from the charging member to the image bearing member was generated in a first operation that moves the developer from the surface of the charging member to the surface of the image bearing member.