Automatic Tonometer Signal Processing for Multi-System Diagnosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing automatic tonometers lack the capability to provide comprehensive clinical and diagnostic characteristics for differential diagnosis of cardiovascular, nervous, and pulmonary systems, as they do not adequately assess adaptation to cuff compression and regulatory system activity.
Innovation Solution
The tonometer incorporates a processor with an algorithm that processes electrical signals from a pneumatic cuff using time, spectral, morphological, fractal, and interval/amplitude analysis methods to generate a matrix of indicators, enabling the calculation of regulatory system activity and vascular potential, which is then used in machine learning for differential diagnosis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a conventional processor is used to process electrical signals from the pressure sensor, then the tonometer can measure basic blood pressure parameters, but it cannot provide comprehensive clinical and diagnostic characteristics for differential diagnosis of cardiovascular, nervous, and pulmonary systems
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies multi-functionality by developing a processor algorithm that can analyze arterial oscillations using multiple methods (time domain, spectral, morphological, fractal) to provide both basic blood pressure measurement and comprehensive diagnostic characteristics for differential diagnosis of cardiovascular, nervous, and pulmonary systems, allowing a single device to serve multiple diagnostic purposes
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the signal processing into distinct analytical components: time domain analysis (ft(x)), spectral analysis (fsp(x)), morphological analysis (fm(x)), and fractal analysis (ffr(x)), each processing specific aspects of the arterial oscillation signal to generate comprehensive diagnostic indicators
2Measurement precision
If basic blood pressure measurement is provided, then the tonometer remains simple and easy to operate, but it cannot assess adaptation capabilities of body parts to compression and regulatory system activity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameters of signal analysis by transforming the raw electrical signal from the pressure sensor into multiple derived parameters through different analytical methods, generating comprehensive indicators including heart rate variability, spectral power distribution, morphological characteristics, and fractal dimensions that enable assessment of adaptation capabilities and regulatory system activity
3Adaptability or versatility
If comprehensive analysis methods are applied to the electrical signal, then the tonometer can provide diagnostic indicators for multiple systems, but the processing time and computational requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-defining the analysis algorithms and processing pipelines before actual measurement, allowing the system to efficiently execute comprehensive analysis during clinical use without delays, as the computational framework is already established and optimized
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach expands the tonometer's functional capabilities, allowing for the construction of an expert system that can diagnose not only cardiovascular but also nervous and pulmonary system diseases, providing a more comprehensive assessment of patient states.
Implementation Method 1
a pressure sensor that converts a pneumatic signal into an electrical one
Data Source
AI summary
The claimed invention relates to the field of medicine, namely to oscillometric means of measuring blood pressure. The automatic tonometer contains a pneumatic cuff with valves (not marked in the figure), pneumatically connected by a hose with a pressure sensor that converts the change in pressure in the pneumatic cuff 1 into an electrical signal, the output of which is connected to the input of the processor through an analogue-to-digital converter that processes the electrical signal, the output of which is connected to the display, which displays the signal in the form of mathematical symbols, graphs, diagrams, according to which blood pressure parameters are set. The proposed automatic tonometer provides an expansion of the functional possibilities of the tonometer application and will allow building an expert system for differential diagnosis of diseases not only of the cardiovascular, but also the nervous and pulmonary systems.