Overload Protection in Hand-Power Tool Reduction Gears

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Solution Overview

Problem

Hand-held power tools, such as cordless drills, face issues with torque clutch deactivation in drilling mode, leading to potential drive shaft blockage and component failure during high-torque applications like hard screwdriving, as the torque clutch is set to 'infinity' in drilling mode, allowing excessive rotational energy to be transmitted to the tool housing.

Innovation Solution

A hand-held power tool with a motor-driven reduction gear and a mechanical overload protection device that limits torque transmission to a machine-specific limit value, preventing excessive rotational energy from being supplied to the tool housing, featuring a torque clutch that can be user-adjusted and a robust planetary gear design with a detent spring element for overload protection.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If the torque clutch is deactivated in drilling mode (set to infinity), then the power tool can handle high-torque drilling applications, but excessive rotational energy can be transmitted to the tool housing causing drive shaft blockage and component failure

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetorque handling capabilityVSAvoidcomponent failure risk
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The protection system is segmented into two independent layers: a user-adjustable torque clutch for normal operation and a machine-specific overload protection device as a safety backup. This segmentation allows each component to operate within its designed parameters while providing comprehensive protection at different levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The overload protection device is pre-configured with a machine-specific limit that acts as a safety cushion before catastrophic failure can occur. The detent spring element and locking element are pre-positioned to engage automatically when excessive torque is detected, cushioning the system against damage before it reaches critical levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

2Adaptability or versatility

If a user-adjustable torque clutch is provided, then users can optimize performance for different applications, but the torque clutch may be deactivated in drilling mode removing protection when needed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveapplication optimizationVSAvoidprotection availability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The protection system is segmented into two independent layers: a user-adjustable torque clutch for normal operation and a machine-specific overload protection device as a safety backup. This segmentation allows each component to operate within its designed parameters while providing comprehensive protection at different levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The overload protection device acts as an intermediary safety layer between the user-adjustable torque clutch and the critical drive train components. It provides a backup protection mechanism that operates independently of user settings, ensuring that even if the primary protection (torque clutch) is deactivated, a secondary protection layer remains active.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If the machine-specific overload protection device is always active, then component failure is prevented, but user-adjustable torque control may be limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomponent protectionVSAvoidtorque control flexibility
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The overload protection device is selectively engaged only when excessive torque conditions are detected, rather than being continuously active. The detent spring element engages the locking element only when the transmitted torque exceeds the machine-specific limit, allowing normal user-adjustable torque control to operate freely within safe parameters while providing automatic protection when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The overload protection device operates autonomously based on the actual torque conditions in the system. It self-regulates by engaging the locking element only when excessive torque is detected, without requiring user intervention or limiting user-adjustable settings. The system serves itself by automatically detecting and responding to overload conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution effectively restricts high rotational energy transmission to the tool housing, providing reliable protection against component failure and allowing user-adjustable torque control, ensuring safe and reliable operation across different operating modes.

Implementation Method 1

a detent spring element (207, 407, 409) which is arranged to engage with a locking element (206) in a rotationally fixed connection to the gearbox housing (205)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSpring: Spring

Implementation Method 2

designed to limit the reduction gear (200) during operation of the hand-held power tool (100) if a torque transmitted from the drive shaft (120) to the reduction gear (200) exceeds a machine-specific limit

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical Force: Mechanical Force

Data Source

PatentEP2675597B1Hand-power tool with a reduction gear
Publication Date: 2018.01.03 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP2675597B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2675597B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2675597B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a hand-power tool (100) with a reduction gear (200) that can be driven by a motor (180) in order to drive a driveshaft (120), said reduction gear (200) lying in a transmission housing (205) and being shiftable at least between a first gear with comparatively high torque and a second gear with comparatively low torque via a gear shifting system (230, 260). The reduction gear (200) is associated with a mechanical overload protection device (290) that is designed to limit the reduction gear (200) during the operation of the hand-power tool (100) if a torque that is transferred from the driveshaft (120) onto the reduction gear (200) exceeds a machine-specific threshold.