Topographical Scanning for Additive Manufacturing Process Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing processes face inefficiencies in quality assurance, as defects in 3D printed parts can only be detected after completion, leading to wasted materials and time, especially when building complex or expensive structures.

Innovation Solution

A topographic scanning system and method that monitor the building process in real-time, detecting operational flaws and adjusting operational characteristics of the 3D manufacturing apparatus to prevent defects, using laser, blue light, or confocal scans to evaluate powder depth and layer depth, and generating statistical models to correlate defects with powder or layer depth for real-time process control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If real-time topographical scanning and process monitoring are implemented during additive manufacturing, then manufacturing precision and quality assurance are improved, but device complexity and processing time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequality assuranceVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements real-time feedback by continuously scanning the build platform with topographical scanners during the additive manufacturing process, comparing actual powder depth and layer depth measurements against target values, and automatically adjusting operational characteristics (laser power, scan speed, powder feed rate) to maintain manufacturing precision and detect defects early

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary detection and correction of operational flaws during the manufacturing process itself, rather than waiting until completion. By monitoring powder distribution and layer formation in real-time and making adjustments before defects propagate, the system prevents quality issues rather than detecting them after the fact

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If real-time monitoring and detection systems are added to the additive manufacturing apparatus, then reliability and defect detection capability are improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedefect detection capabilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The topographical scanning system serves multiple functions simultaneously: it measures powder depth before laser sintering, measures layer depth after sintering, detects operational flaws, provides feedback for process adjustment, and generates data for statistical modeling. This multi-functionality justifies the added complexity by delivering comprehensive quality assurance and process control capabilities

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Manufacturing precision

If statistical modeling and continuous process adjustment are implemented, then manufacturing precision and quality consistency are improved, but processing time and computational requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequality consistencyVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system maintains continuous monitoring and adjustment throughout the entire additive manufacturing process without interrupting production. Topographical scanning, data analysis, and process parameter adjustment occur continuously in real-time, ensuring quality consistency is maintained throughout the build while minimizing idle time and maximizing productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for early detection and correction of operational flaws, reducing manufacturing time, material waste, and increasing machine uptime by enabling real-time monitoring and adjustment of the additive manufacturing process, ensuring higher quality and reliability of the printed structures.

Implementation Method 1

The topographical scan may be obtained by a laser scan

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser scan: Laser

Implementation Method 2

obtaining... a topographical scan... by a laser scan, a blue light scan, a confocal scan or a multifocal plane microscopy scan

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLight reflection and detection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3308945B1Method and system for topographical based inspection and process control for additive manufactured parts
Publication Date: 2023.12.27 GENERAL ELECTRIC TECH GMBH
  • EP3308945B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3308945B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3308945B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method (500) for inspection of 3D manufactured parts or structures (140) or process control of a 3D manufacturing apparatus (100) is provided. The method (500) includes obtaining (510), in real-time during a 3D manufacturing build process in which at least one structure (140) is built by the 3D manufacturing apparatus (100), a topographical scan of an area of a build platform (112) on which the at least one structure (140) is built. An evaluating step (520) evaluates, by a processor (902), the topographical scan to determine a powder depth (420) and/or a layer depth after powder redistribution. A determining step (530) determines based on the evaluating (520), whether the powder depth (420) or the layer depth is either inside or outside a predetermined range. A modifying step (540) modifies, based on the determining (530), an operational characteristic of the 3D manufacturing apparatus (100). The topographical scan is obtained by a laser scan, a blue light scan, a confocal scan or a multifocal plane microscopy scan (160).