Torque Vectoring Control for Work Machine Drive Train
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing machines for hauling material, such as wheel loaders and articulated dump trucks, face challenges in maintaining stability and efficiency due to varying weight distributions caused by changing load conditions and terrain, leading to torque misallocation and potential wheel slippage.
Innovation Solution
A system that includes sensors to detect weight distribution across wheels and a control unit to dynamically adjust torque distribution between front and rear wheels based on real-time operating parameters, ensuring optimal torque allocation to maintain stability and prevent slippage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If torque is provided to lightly loaded wheels to maintain drive capability, then the machine can move forward, but the wheels slip and power is wasted
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically adjusts torque distribution between left and right wheels based on real-time weight distribution sensors and operating conditions. The torque transfer unit continuously varies torque allocation rather than using fixed distribution, allowing the system to adapt to changing load conditions during work cycles.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the torque parameter delivered to each wheel based on detected weight distribution and operating parameters. The control unit calculates optimal torque values and the torque transfer unit implements these changes, varying torque distribution ratios according to actual machine conditions.
2Loss of energy
If torque is restricted to prevent wheel slippage, then power wastage is reduced, but the machine loses drive capability on low-traction surfaces
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies different torque characteristics to different wheels based on their individual load conditions. Each wheel receives torque optimized for its specific traction situation rather than applying uniform torque restrictions, maintaining drive capability where needed while preventing slippage where appropriate.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses weight distribution sensors and operating parameter sensors to continuously monitor machine conditions and provides feedback to the control unit. This feedback loop allows the system to adjust torque distribution in real-time, ensuring drive capability is maintained while minimizing power wastage.
3Power
If a large engine is used to provide sufficient torque for all conditions, then the machine has adequate power, but the engine size and weight increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system dynamically optimizes torque delivery to match actual machine needs based on weight distribution and operating conditions. This allows a smaller engine to provide adequate power by ensuring torque is efficiently distributed to wheels with traction rather than being wasted on slipping wheels.
Solution Approach 2:
The system converts the potential harm of weight distribution variations into a benefit by using weight distribution information to optimize torque allocation. Instead of treating varying wheel loads as a problem to be overcome with excess power, the system uses this information to improve torque efficiency and reduce engine size requirements.
4Loss of energy
If mechanical systems are used to transfer torque from sliding to non-sliding wheels, then torque can be redistributed, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system uses a torque transfer unit with control elements as an intermediary between the engine and the wheels. This intermediary component modulates torque flow based on sensor feedback, providing intelligent torque distribution without requiring complex mechanical differential mechanisms.
Solution Approach 2:
The system replaces traditional mechanical torque transfer mechanisms (such as limited-slip differentials) with an electronically controlled torque transfer unit. This substitution uses electronic sensing and control rather than complex mechanical gear arrangements, reducing overall system complexity while achieving the same torque redistribution function.
Data Source
AI summary
A machine may include a powertrain drivingly connected to left and right front and rear wheels through a torque transfer unit to transfer torque to the front wheels as a function of a desired front torque and to the rear wheels as a function of a desired rear torque. At least one sensor of the machine may detect a value of an operating parameter indicative of a weight distribution of the machine across the wheels, and generate a parameter signal corresponding to the operating parameter. A control unit determines the weight distribution across the wheels as a function of the parameter signal, and the desired front and rear torques as a function of the weight distribution. The control unit also considers the weight and position of a load of material borne by an implement of the machine in determining the weight distribution.