Integrated T/R Circuit With Limiter Switching for Low-Loss Protection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current solutions for transmitter/receiver modules require external components for switch and limiter functions, leading to cumbersome implementations that are not integrated with the same technology as the transmission and reception chains, resulting in increased losses and size, especially when trying to integrate close to radiating elements.

Innovation Solution

An integrated circuit that combines limiter and switch functions on the same substrate, using a transistor-based switching device and diode stages for protection, allowing shared access to the radiating element while maintaining different protection levels for transmission and reception functions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If external components are used for switch and limiter functions, then protection and switching can be achieved, but device complexity and size increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection functionVSAvoidnumber of external components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the switch function and limiter function into a single integrated circuit device. The switch comprises multiple transistors that can operate as switching elements, while diodes are integrated to provide limiting/protection functions. This merging eliminates the need for separate external switch and limiter components, reducing overall device complexity while maintaining protection and switching capabilities.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The integrated circuit is designed to perform multiple functions simultaneously: switching between transmission and reception modes, limiting voltage spikes to protect sensitive components, and providing impedance matching. The same transistors and diodes serve both switching and protection purposes, making the device universal and reducing the total component count.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Ease of operation

If external components are used for switch and limiter functions, then switching between transmission and reception can be achieved, but losses increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveswitching functionVSAvoidsignal losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

By integrating the switch and limiter functions into a single circuit device, the patent reduces the number of interconnections and interfaces between components. This integration minimizes signal path length and reduces insertion losses that would occur with multiple external components connected through PCB traces and connectors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Loss of energy

If T/R modules are integrated close to radiating elements, then losses are reduced, but space constraints increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission lossesVSAvoidintegration space
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent integrates multiple functions (switching, limiting, impedance matching) into a single compact circuit device that can be placed close to the radiating element. This consolidation reduces the overall footprint required for the T/R module assembly, making it suitable for integration in space-constrained environments while minimizing transmission losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Reliability

If different technologies are used for switch and limiter functions, then specific performance requirements are met, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance requirementsVSAvoidmanufacturing technology
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements both switching and limiting functions using the same semiconductor fabrication technology and material system. The transistors and diodes are manufactured using identical process steps on the same substrate, ensuring homogeneous manufacturing. This approach simplifies production while meeting the distinct performance requirements of both switching and protection functions through careful device design and configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #33Homogeneity

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution reduces size and losses by integrating switch and limiter functions within the T/R module, enabling efficient protection and switching between transmission and reception functions without disturbing nominal operation, and allows for closer integration to radiating elements, enhancing the efficiency and power handling of T/R modules.

Implementation Method 1

a switching device making it possible, in the on state, to connect the second pair of terminals to the first and second output terminals, the switching device comprising at least one transistor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTransistor switching:

Implementation Method 2

a first limiter between the first and second output terminals and the first pair of terminals and a second limiter between the switching device and the second pair of terminals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiode rectification and clamping: Diode

Data Source

PatentEP3375094B1Circuit incorporating a limiting function and a switching function and transceiver module comprising such a circuit
Publication Date: 2019.12.04 THALES SA
  • EP3375094B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP3375094B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6
  • EP3375094B1 patent drawingFigure 7

AI summary

This circuit (50) comprises: a first line (41) connected to a first output terminal (31); a second line (42) connected to a second output terminal (32); a first pair of connection terminals (51, 52) for connecting a first function (F1) between the first and second lines; a second pair of connection terminals (53, 54) for connecting a second function (F2) between the first and second lines; a switching device connecting, in the on state, the second function to the output terminals; a control line for applying a control (CMD) to the control device and to the first function (F1); a first limiter (60) between the output terminals and the first function and a second limiter (80) between the switching device and the second function.