Navigation Track Association Verification Using Linear Inequalities

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current data association algorithms in navigation and DAA systems, particularly non-linear systems, are challenging to verify using formal methods due to their complexity, leading to insufficient assurance of correctness, which is crucial for certification in the avionics domain.

Innovation Solution

A system that includes a processor and non-cooperative sensors, featuring a correlator module to output correlated tracks and a verification module that reframes data association into linear inequalities, allowing for formal methods-based verification to ensure the correctness of the tracks by comparing properties within sets a and b using branching and bounding techniques.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If formal methods-based verification is applied to non-linear data association algorithms, then verification rigor is improved, but the complexity of the system increases due to the non-linear nature of the algorithms

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveverification rigorVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the verification problem by changing the parameter representation from non-linear algorithm outputs to linear inequality constraints. By formulating verification conditions as linear inequalities rather than attempting to verify the non-linear algorithms directly, the patent maintains verification rigor while reducing the effective complexity of the verification process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an intermediary mathematical framework (linear inequalities and measurement statistics) that mediates between the non-linear data association algorithms and the formal verification process. This intermediary layer allows rigorous verification without directly confronting the complexity of the non-linear algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Ease of operation

If testing and simulation methods are used to gain confidence in data association implementations, then ease of operation is improved, but the reliability of verification deteriorates due to insufficiency in guaranteeing correctness

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveverification easeVSAvoidverification reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the mechanical testing and simulation approach with a mathematical proof approach. Instead of empirically testing the system to gain confidence, the patent uses formal mathematical methods to provide definitive verification, substituting empirical validation with rigorous logical proof.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary formulation of linear inequalities and measurement statistics before the actual verification process. By pre-processing the data association results into a standardized mathematical form, the patent makes the subsequent verification step straightforward while ensuring reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Reliability

If abstractions of data association algorithms are defined in formal notations and proven using theorem provers, then verification reliability is improved, but the device complexity increases and scalability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveverification reliabilityVSAvoidscalability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential verification requirements from the complex data association algorithms and formulates them as separate linear inequalities. By separating the verification conditions from the algorithm implementation details, the patent achieves both reliability through formal proof and scalability through modular verification units.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Data Source

PatentEP4528326A1Methodology to provide assurance of data association in navigation and radar systems
Publication Date: 2025.03.26 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC
  • EP4528326A1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4528326A1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4528326A1 patent drawingFigure 2~3

AI summary

A method for providing assurance of data association comprises formulating a track permutation matrix of measurement statistics based on sensor measurement returns; receiving a first set of correlated tracks from a correlator module (set a), identified as originating from a target; selecting a second set of correlated tracks from the track permutation matrix (set b), based on branching and bounding techniques; reframing verification of a data association framework into a linear inequality, with a first portion of the linear inequality based on set a, and a second portion of the linear inequality based on set b; and performing a formal methods-based verification procedure to determine whether properties of set a are bounded by properties of set b. If properties of the correlated tracks within set a are bounded by, or are less than or equal to, properties of the correlated tracks within set b, then the correlated tracks are verified.