Vehicle Traction Battery Layout With Diode-Based Voltage Equalization

The system segments the energy distribution path by providing two separate connection topologies: one path through DC-DC converters for flexible energy management, and another direct path through diodes for efficient auxiliary consumer supply. This segmentation allows each path to optimize for its specific function, reducing overall energy losses while maintaining distribution flexibility.

Diodes are introduced as intermediary components that create a direct voltage equalization path between multiple energy storage devices and auxiliary consumers. This intermediary structure enables automatic voltage balancing without requiring complex control through DC-DC converters, thereby reducing energy losses during voltage equalization.

The system employs passive diode-based voltage equalization that operates automatically based on voltage differences between energy storage devices. This self-service mechanism eliminates the need for complex active control systems, sensors, and control algorithms, achieving charge balance through the natural electrical potential differences while maintaining system simplicity.

The patent replaces complex electronic control mechanisms with a simpler passive electrical circuit using diodes. The voltage equalization function, which could require sophisticated control electronics, is achieved through passive electrical components that automatically respond to voltage differences, reducing system complexity while maintaining effective charge balance.

The energy distribution system is segmented into two functional paths: DC-DC converter connections for main energy management and motor control, and direct diode connections for auxiliary consumers. This segmentation allows DC-DC converters to focus on high-power traction control where their regulatory function is essential, while auxiliary power distribution uses the more efficient direct diode path, minimizing overall conversion losses.

Instead of using DC-DC converters for all energy distribution paths, the system applies them only where necessary (motor control and main energy management). For auxiliary consumers, a simpler direct connection topology is used, applying the principle of partial action by using the minimum necessary control complexity for each function, thereby reducing total conversion losses.