Traction Substation Dynamic Voltage Adaptation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional traction substations for electric vehicles have a fixed no-load voltage, leading to inefficiencies in power transfer and increased Joule losses due to competition between trains and substations during braking and acceleration, as the voltage drop affects power exchange and regeneration.

Innovation Solution

A method to dynamically adapt the no-load voltage of traction substations by determining the current supply voltage of vehicles and adjusting the voltage parameter in real-time, using a formula that considers the number of vehicles and their voltage thresholds to optimize voltage settings, thereby reducing Joule losses.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If the no-load voltage of substations is increased to reduce voltage drops, then voltage stability is improved, but power exchange efficiency between trains and substations deteriorates due to competition during braking and acceleration

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage stabilityVSAvoidpower exchange efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by transitioning from a static, fixed no-load voltage setting to a dynamic voltage adjustment system. The substation control unit continuously monitors supply voltage and adjusts the no-load voltage in real-time based on actual operating conditions, allowing the system to adapt to changing load demands and train operations throughout the day.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements parameter changes by modifying the no-load voltage parameter of the substation based on measured supply voltage levels. When supply voltage drops below a threshold, the control unit increases the no-load voltage parameter to compensate, thereby maintaining voltage stability while optimizing power exchange efficiency during different operational phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Stability of the object's composition

If the no-load voltage of substations is increased to improve performance, then voltage drop is reduced, but Joule losses increase due to competition with braking trains for power delivery

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage dropVSAvoidJoule losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs feedback by continuously measuring the supply voltage at the substation and using this information to adjust the no-load voltage parameter. The control unit receives voltage measurements, compares them against reference values, and automatically adjusts the voltage parameter to maintain optimal operation, thereby reducing both voltage drops and unnecessary Joule losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts the no-load voltage based on real-time supply voltage conditions rather than maintaining a permanently high voltage setting. This dynamic approach allows the substation to optimize voltage levels according to actual demand, reducing Joule losses during periods when high voltage is not needed while still preventing excessive voltage drops when demand increases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Device complexity

If a fixed no-load voltage is used in conventional substations, then system simplicity is maintained, but power supply efficiency deteriorates under varying load conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem simplicityVSAvoidpower supply efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements self-service by enabling the substation to automatically monitor its own supply voltage and adjust its no-load voltage parameter without external intervention. The control unit continuously assesses system conditions and autonomously optimizes voltage settings, allowing the substation to self-regulate and maintain high efficiency under varying load conditions while adding minimal operational complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback from voltage measurements to automatically adjust the no-load voltage parameter. This closed-loop control mechanism allows the substation to respond to changing load conditions in real-time, maintaining optimal power supply efficiency without requiring complex manual intervention or external control systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This dynamic optimization reduces Joule losses and improves power exchange efficiency by adjusting the no-load voltage only when necessary, allowing for better energy recovery during braking while minimizing infrastructure power consumption.

Implementation Method 1

each substation being adapted to transfer electrical power to a direct current supply line via a supply signal having a voltage controlled by the substation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic conversion: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

a direct current supply line via a supply signal... the supply line being arranged along a track

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 3

The current delivered by a substation ends up in the supply conductors (catenary or third rail), and this is where Joule effect losses occur

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule effect: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP3715172B1Method for dynamically adapting the operation of at least one traction substation of a system for supplying electrical power to railway vehicles, corresponding computer program and associated device
Publication Date: 2021.07.21 ALSTOM TRANSPORT TECH SAS
  • EP3715172B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3715172B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3715172B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Method for dynamically adapting a traction substation (121, 122) of an electric vehicle power supply system (1), and controlling the voltage of a supply signal of a DC power line (3) as a function of a voltage parameter, comprising: - determining the current supply voltage, at their connection point to the power line, of each of said vehicles located in a section specifically corresponding to the power supply service area (Zt122) by said substation; - determining an updated value of the voltage parameter of said substation as a function of said determined supply voltages; - setting the voltage parameter of said substation to said updated value thus determined.