Transfer Bias Control for Electrophotographic Image Forming Apparatus

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Solution Overview

Problem

Image forming apparatuses face challenges in shortening the first image output time (FCOT) while minimizing power consumption and avoiding irregular image density and horizontal streaks due to timing issues with transfer bias application in electrophotographic processes.

Innovation Solution

The image forming apparatus controls the primary transfer bias by applying it when the charging start position of the photosensitive drum arrives at the transfer position, using a two-step voltage approach with an initial lower duty cycle to prevent overshoot and stabilize the transfer potential quickly, allowing for immediate image formation without horizontal streaks.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of time

If the process linear velocity is accelerated to shorten the first image output time, then the first image output time is reduced, but the power consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefirst image output timeVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The transfer bias is applied in advance during the charging phase rather than waiting for the complete image formation process. Specifically, the transfer bias application timing is set to start when the charging start position arrives at the transfer position, which is before the developing and transferring positions are reached. This preliminary application of transfer bias prepares the photosensitive member surface in advance, allowing the system to achieve short first image output time without needing to accelerate the entire process linear velocity, thereby avoiding increased power consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Loss of time

If the transfer bias is applied early to shorten the first image output time, then the first image output time is reduced, but horizontal streaks and irregular image density occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefirst image output timeVSAvoidimage density uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies a two-step voltage approach for the transfer bias. In the first step, a first transfer bias with a first voltage value is applied when the charging start position arrives at the transfer position. In the second step, a second transfer bias with a second voltage value (different from the first) is applied when the writing start position arrives at the transfer position. This parameter change in voltage timing and magnitude allows the system to achieve early transfer bias application for shortened first image output time while maintaining uniform image density and avoiding horizontal streaks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The transfer bias voltage is made dynamic rather than static. The system transitions from a single fixed voltage value to a time-varying voltage profile with at least two distinct voltage levels applied at different timing phases. This dynamic adjustment of transfer bias parameters enables the system to optimize both the timing (for reduced first image output time) and the quality (for uniform image density without streaks).

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration effectively reduces the first image output time (FCOT) while ensuring uniform image density and eliminating undesirable horizontal streaks, enhancing operational efficiency and image quality.

Implementation Method 1

a charging roller 15 serving as a charger... A place on a surface 102a of the photosensitive drum 102 charged by the charging roller 200 is referred to as a charging position

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic charging: Electrostatics

Implementation Method 2

illuminating the charged surface with laser light associated with an image data. The thus-obtained electrostatic latent image is developed with toner

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotodecomposition: Photodissociation

Implementation Method 3

A place on the surface 102a at which the electrostatic latent image is developed by the developing roller 300, hence forming a toner image

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic attraction: Electrostatics

Implementation Method 4

A place on the surface 102a at which the transfer roller 400 transfers the toner image onto a recording medium or an intermediate transfer belt is referred to as a transfer position

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic transfer: Electrostatics

Data Source

PatentEP2775353B1Electrophotographic image forming apparatus
Publication Date: 2015.10.21 RICOH CO LTD
  • EP2775353B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2775353B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2775353B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An image forming apparatus (100) includes a charging bias output device (22), a developing bias output device (23), a transfer bias output device (24), and a controller (20). The controller (20) controls the transfer bias output device (24) to supply a transfer bias from a time at which a first position of a photosensitive member (2) arrives at a transfer position after the charging bias output device (22) starts supplying a charging bias. An initial value of the transfer bias is controlled to be smaller than a normal set value for a predetermined time period (Tc) which is a time after the transfer bias starts to be supplied and within a time corresponding to a rise time (Ta) during which a surface potential of the photosensitive member (2) reaches a predetermined potential after the charging bias starts to be output. The first position of the photosensitive member (2) is a position at which a charging device (15) start charging the photosensitive member (2).