Transformer-Based Impedance Measurement Beyond Switching Frequency Limits
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional impedance spectroscopy systems in industrial applications are limited by the Nyquist rate, generate significant power loss, and have limited control over AC ripple frequency and amplitude, making it difficult to determine impedance properties over a wide frequency range and under varying power conditions.
Innovation Solution
A device analysis signal generator using a multi-winding transformer and variable AC generator to inject AC signals independently of the power converter's switching frequency, enabling high-frequency signals with minimal power loss and wide frequency range analysis.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If conventional impedance spectroscopy systems use power converter switching frequency for signal generation, then the system structure is simplified, but the frequency range is limited by the Nyquist rate and power loss increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system separates the power conversion function from the impedance analysis function. The power converter operates independently to provide power, while a dedicated signal generator produces AC analysis signals at frequencies independent of the converter's switching frequency. This segmentation allows the impedance spectroscopy to operate over a wide frequency range without being constrained by the power converter's switching frequency, thereby reducing power loss and enabling high-frequency analysis.
Solution Approach 2:
A dedicated signal generator acts as an intermediary component between the power converter and the device under test. This intermediary generates AC analysis signals that are superimposed on the DC power output, allowing impedance measurements at frequencies independent of the power converter's switching frequency. The intermediary enables wide frequency range analysis while maintaining efficient power conversion.
2Ease of operation
If conventional systems rely on power converter switching frequency, then the control mechanism is simple, but the frequency range and amplitude control are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs a dynamic signal generator that can independently vary the frequency and amplitude of AC analysis signals according to a predetermined schedule. Unlike conventional systems tied to fixed switching frequencies, this dynamic approach allows continuous adjustment of signal parameters across a wide frequency range, enabling adaptability to different impedance analysis requirements while maintaining simple operational control through automated signal generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The signal generator implements predetermined schedules that systematically change the frequency and amplitude parameters of AC analysis signals over time. This parameter variation enables the system to sweep through a wide frequency range and assess impedance properties at multiple operating points, providing versatility in frequency control while keeping the control mechanism simple through automated parameter progression.
3Ease of manufacture
If high-frequency AC signals are injected through power converter switching, then the system uses existing components, but significant power loss occurs and frequency range is restricted
Solution Approach 1:
The system divides the signal generation function from the power conversion function. Instead of using the power converter's switching mechanism for both power delivery and impedance analysis, a separate dedicated signal generator produces high-frequency AC analysis signals. This segmentation eliminates the power loss associated with using power converter switching for high-frequency signals while still utilizing the power converter for efficient DC power delivery.
Solution Approach 2:
A dedicated signal generator serves as an intermediary that produces high-frequency AC analysis signals without relying on power converter switching. This intermediary component enables high-frequency impedance analysis with minimal power loss, as it generates signals specifically for measurement purposes rather than power conversion, thus separating the measurement function from the power delivery function.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables high-resolution impedance data over an extended frequency range with minimal power loss, allowing assessment of devices under varying power conditions and facilitating efficient impedance analysis of electrical, electrochemical, and biological loads and sources.
Implementation Method 1
a transformer having at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding; the at least one primary winding of the transformer being coupled in series between a power supply or sink and an output connectable to a device under test
Implementation Method 2
a variable alternating-current (AC) generator configured to generate at least one device analysis signal
Data Source
AI summary
System, method and device for measuring the impedance properties of a device under test (DUT). The primary winding of a transformer may be coupled in series between a power supply or sink and an output connectable to the DUT. A variable AC generator is configured to generate an analysis signal. A controller is operably connectable to a first sensor that measures at least one attribute of the device under test. The controller receives a first input signal from the first sensor and determines the impedance properties of the device under test. The system is operable in a first mode and a second mode. When the system is in the first mode the variable AC generator is coupled to the DUT to apply the analysis signal to the DUT and a controlled energy device is coupled in series between the variable AC generator and the DUT.