Transformer RF Phase Shifter for Low-Loss Large Phase Shifts
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional RF phase shifters are based on lossy passive elements, leading to increased losses when multiple phase shifters are connected in series, which is problematic for phased-array transceivers, especially in RF transceivers with multiple branches, as it requires more gain from the Power Amplifier in TX mode and increases sensitivity to mixer noise in RX mode.
Innovation Solution
A scalable RF phase shifter design utilizing a transformer configuration with adjustable inductances and capacitances, allowing for differential to single-ended conversion and configurable phase shifts, reducing the number of required phase shifters and minimizing losses through selective tapping and switching circuitry.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple conventional RF phase shifters are connected in series to obtain large phase shifts, then the phase shift range is improved, but the total losses increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple phase shifting functions into a single integrated circuit structure that processes differential signals. By merging the functionality of multiple series-connected phase shifters into one unified device with shared differential signal paths, the invention achieves large phase shift ranges while minimizing the cumulative losses that would occur with separate series-connected phase shifters.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention inverts the conventional approach by using differential signal processing to enable phase shifting in a single stage rather than requiring multiple series stages. The differential to single-ended conversion mechanism allows one phase shifter to accomplish what would traditionally require multiple phase shifters connected in series.
2Adaptability or versatility
If 2*N phase shifters are used for N RX branches with differential signals, then the phase shifting capability is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal phase shifter design that can handle both differential and single-ended signals through a unified architecture. The differential to single-ended conversion capability allows the same circuit structure to serve multiple functions across N RX branches, eliminating the need for separate phase shifters for each differential branch and reducing the total count from 2*N to N phase shifters.
3Ease of operation
If Wilkinson combiners/splitters are used to optimize distribution network, then the power distribution is improved, but the loss compensation requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the operating parameters of the phase shifters to operate at optimal points that minimize losses. By adjusting the phase shifter design parameters and operating conditions, the system achieves better power distribution efficiency, reducing the compensation power required compared to conventional Wilkinson combiner approaches.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution mitigates losses even for large phase-shift values, reduces the number of phase shifters needed, and provides efficient phase shifting and combining/splitting capabilities, making it suitable for large phased-array transceivers with improved power management and noise sensitivity reduction.
Implementation Method 1
a first transformer comprising a primary winding coupled to a first RF port of the RF phase shifter and a secondary winding that is magnetically coupled to the primary winding
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of a Radio Frequency (RF) phase shifter are disclosed. In one embodiment, an RF phase shifter comprises a first transformer comprising a primary winding coupled to a first RF port of the RF phase shifter and a secondary winding that is magnetically coupled to the primary winding. The RF phase shifter further comprises at least one capacitor circuit having a first terminal coupled to the secondary winding of the first transformer and a second terminal coupled to a primary winding of a second transformer. The RF phase shifter and combiner further comprises the second transformer, where the primary winding of the secondary transformer is coupled to the second terminal of the at least one capacitor circuit, and a secondary winding of the second transformer is coupled to a second RF port of the RF phase shifter.