Transformer Switch Topology for Low-Loss Millimeter-Wave PALNA
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current millimeter-wave switches suffer from poor linearity and high insertion loss, limiting the performance of MMIC PALNA systems, especially at millimeter-wave frequencies.
Innovation Solution
The use of transformer-based SPST or SPMT switches provides improved linearity and lower insertion loss, replacing traditional quarter-wave power distribution networks, and offers inherent ESD protection, with the potential for up to 6 dB improvement in linearity and reduced power consumption.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If series switch devices are used at millimeter-wave frequencies, then power handling capability is improved, but insertion loss increases and isolation decreases due to capacitive feedthrough
Solution Approach 1:
The patent inverts the traditional series switch configuration by using shunt switches connected to ground through transmission lines. This inversion allows the switch to handle power effectively while minimizing insertion loss and isolation degradation, as the shunt configuration bypasses the capacitive feedthrough issues inherent in series switches at millimeter-wave frequencies
2Loss of energy
If shunt switches are used at millimeter-wave frequencies, then insertion loss is reduced, but linearity deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the switch network into multiple shunt switches with different switching thresholds. This segmentation allows each switch to operate in its optimal linearity region while collectively providing low insertion loss across the full signal range, thereby resolving the linearity deterioration issue while maintaining low insertion loss benefits
3Power
If more devices are stacked in series in shunt operation to increase power handling, then power handling capability is improved, but isolation decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces transmission lines as intermediaries between the shunt switches and ground. These transmission lines provide impedance transformation and isolation, allowing multiple switches to be stacked in shunt operation for increased power handling while maintaining proper signal isolation through the intermediary transmission line structures
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Transformer-based switches enhance the linearity of PALNA systems by up to 6 dB and reduce power consumption, offering a compact solution with lower insertion loss and inherent ESD protection, addressing the limitations of traditional switch networks.
Implementation Method 1
a first transformer circuit generates, based on an external RF signal received by an antenna, a first induction signal
Data Source
Figure 1A~1B
Figure 2A~2B
Figure 3
AI summary
An improved transformer based switch for PALNA applications.The transformer based switch having an input single pole port and a circuit with at least one transformer and at least one switch configured to connect portions of the transformer to ground or to short the transformer. The primary side of the transformer being connected to the input port and the secondary side of the transformer being connected to an output port.