Transgenic Orange Tetra Fish via Albino Background and Fluorescent Integration
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Solution Overview
Problem
The ornamental fish industry faces limitations in developing transgenic fish that express fluorescent proteins, particularly for aesthetically pleasing colors like orange, due to challenges in introducing and stabilizing foreign genes in fish species such as the black skirt tetra, which affects the visualization of colors and market demand for visually appealing variants.
Innovation Solution
Development of transgenic fluorescent fish, specifically the orange tetra, through chromosomal integration of the 'Orange tetra 1 transformation event' using sperm deposited as ECACC accession no. 13073002, which are fertile and can be bred to produce offspring with enhanced orange coloration, making them suitable for the ornamental market and scientific research.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If fluorescent proteins are introduced into black skirt tetra, then new color markers are achieved, but the dark pigmentation interferes with color visualization
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the harmful dark pigmentation by introducing an albino mutation that eliminates melanin production. This creates a white background phenotype that allows fluorescent protein colors to be clearly visualized without interference from the original dark stripes and pigmentation of the black skirt tetra.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent fundamentally changes the background color phenotype from dark/black to white through the albino mutation. This color change transforms the visual background, enabling the fluorescent protein colors (green, red, yellow, orange, blue, purple) to be clearly observed and distinguished.
2Adaptability or versatility
If foreign genes are introduced into fish to create new varieties, then transgenic traits are achieved, but stable chromosomal integration and fertility are difficult to obtain
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary selection and stabilization of transgenic lines before commercial deployment. Multiple generations of breeding and selection are conducted to ensure stable chromosomal integration of the fluorescent protein genes and to establish fertile transgenic lines that consistently express the desired traits.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs feedback mechanisms through phenotypic screening and genetic analysis to monitor and ensure stable transgene integration. By observing color expression patterns and breeding outcomes, the researchers can identify and select lines with stable chromosomal integration, thereby improving reliability.
3Measurement precision
If albino black skirt tetra are used as the base for transgenesis, then better color visualization is achieved, but the availability of such fish was limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal albino black skirt tetra platform that serves multiple purposes: it provides the white background necessary for fluorescent protein visualization, serves as a stable host for various transgenic constructions, and can be bred to produce consistent results. This multi-functional strain becomes a standard platform for producing different colored ornamental fish varieties.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The transgenic orange tetra fish provide aesthetically pleasing orange coloration, are fertile, and can be bred to produce 100% heterozygous offspring, addressing the industry's need for visually appealing fish and serving as valuable tools for scientific research, such as tracing cell lineage and marking cells in genetic mosaic experiments.
Implementation Method 1
Many fluorescent proteins are known in the art and have been used to investigate various cellular processes, including fluorescent proteins exhibiting various green, red, pink, yellow, orange, blue, or purple colors.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to transgenic orange ornamental fish, as well as methods of making such fish by in vitro fertilization techniques. Also disclosed are methods of establishing a population of such transgenic fish and methods of providing them to the ornamental fish industry for the purpose of marketing.