Transgenic Plants Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current agricultural practices rely heavily on nitrogenous fertilizers, which are costly and inefficient, leading to environmental pollution and limited crop yield due to nitrogen deficiency, especially under abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and temperature extremes.
Innovation Solution
Expression of specific exogenous polynucleotides in plants, encoding polypeptides with sequences at least 80% identical to certain SEQ IDs, enhances nitrogen use efficiency, biomass, growth rate, and abiotic stress tolerance, allowing plants to thrive with lower fertilizer input and in challenging environmental conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If nitrogenous fertilizers are applied to increase crop yield, then plant growth and yield are improved, but production costs increase and environmental pollution occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables plants to self-regulate nitrogen uptake and utilization through overexpression of NRT2.1 and NIA1 genes, allowing the plant to efficiently acquire and metabolize nitrogen without requiring excessive external fertilizer application. This self-service mechanism reduces dependency on external nitrogen inputs while maintaining high yield.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the physiological parameters of nitrogen metabolism by overexpressing specific genes (NRT2.1 for nitrogen uptake and NIA1 for nitrogen assimilation). This genetic parameter modification enhances the plant's intrinsic nitrogen use efficiency, allowing optimal growth with reduced fertilizer input.
2Productivity
If nitrogenous fertilizers are applied to increase crop yield, then plant growth and yield are improved, but environmental pollution increases
Solution Approach 1:
The transgenic plants possess enhanced endogenous nitrogen uptake and assimilation capabilities through overexpressed NRT2.1 and NIA1 genes, enabling them to efficiently utilize available nitrogen in the soil without requiring excessive fertilizer application. This self-service nitrogen management prevents nitrogen leaching and associated environmental pollution.
3Reliability
If nitrogenous fertilizers are applied to compensate for nitrogen deficiency under abiotic stress, then plant growth is maintained, but fertilizer use efficiency decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the physiological parameters of nitrogen metabolism by overexpressing NRT2.1 (nitrogen transporter) and NIA1 (nitrate reductase) genes. This genetic parameter change enhances the plant's ability to uptake and assimilate nitrogen efficiently even under abiotic stress conditions, maintaining reliable growth without increasing fertilizer input.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are isolated polynucleotides encoding a polypeptide at least 80% homologous to the amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 757, 456-756, 758-774, 8385-10836, and 10838-14462; and isolated polynucleotide comprising nucleic acid sequences at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 377, 1-376, 378-455, and 775-8384. Also provided are nucleic acid constructs comprising same, isolated polypeptides encoded thereby, transgenic cells and transgenic plants comprising same and methods of using same for increasing yield, biomass, growth rate, vigor, oil content, fiber yield, fiber quality, abiotic stress tolerance, and/or nitrogen use efficiency of a plant.