Transient Electromagnetic Formation Estimation Using Bucking and Duhamel Integral

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Solution Overview

Problem

Geophysical inverse problems in formation property estimation are hindered by limited data and noise, particularly electromagnetic interference from conductive tools, leading to uncertainty in model accuracy and parameter estimation.

Innovation Solution

A method and system using a single transmitter and at least two receivers in a borehole to generate and compare actual and synthetic signals, employing bucking to minimize carrier-induced noise and Duhamel's integral for approximate forward modeling, ensuring high sensitivity to formation parameters and reducing uncertainty.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If bucking is used to eliminate systematic noise from primary field and conductive tools, then sensitivity to formation parameters is improved, but electromagnetic interference from conductive tool body creates additional systematic noise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensitivity to formation parametersVSAvoidelectromagnetic interference from conductive tool body
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent measures the electromagnetic interference from the conductive tool body and uses it as a reference signal to subtract from the total measurement. By treating the harmful interference as a measurable reference, the system converts the harmful effect into a useful correction term that improves formation parameter estimation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent separates the total measured signal into distinct components: formation response, tool body interference, and noise. By using multiple receivers and mathematical decomposition, the system isolates the formation signal from the conductive tool interference, allowing independent analysis and estimation of formation parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Loss of time

If limited data is used for inversion, then measurement time and complexity are reduced, but uncertainty in formation property estimation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement timeVSAvoiduncertainty in formation property estimation
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses an iterative inversion process where initial formation property estimates are used to generate synthetic data, which is then compared with actual measurements. The difference (misfit) feeds back into the inversion process to refine the estimates, progressively reducing uncertainty while maintaining efficient measurement time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary measurements and processing to generate initial estimates of formation properties before conducting the full inversion. This preliminary action provides a starting point that reduces the computational burden and uncertainty in the subsequent detailed analysis.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables accurate and efficient estimation of formation properties by minimizing carrier-induced noise and improving model fits, allowing for reliable geo-steering and improved downhole operations.

Implementation Method 1

A transient electromagnetic field is generated by a transmitter... A magnetic field is produced by a transient electromagnetic field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

A magnetic field is produced by a transient electromagnetic field generated by a transmitter in the presence of air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEddy currents: Eddy Currents

Data Source

PatentEP3417146B1Method and apparatus for estimating formation properties using transient electromagnetic measurements while drilling
Publication Date: 2021.07.28 BAKER HUGHES CO
  • EP3417146B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3417146B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3417146B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

A method for estimating a property of an earth formation penetrated by a borehole, the method comprising generating a first transient electromagnetic fields with a transmitter on a carrier located outside of the borehole and receiving associated signals, calculating a bucking coefficient using the measured signals, conveying the carrier through a borehole, generating a second transient electromagnetic field and receiving associated signals, calculating, a bucked signal using the bucking coefficient and the downhole signals, calculating synthetic formation signals, calculating synthetic formations signals by applying a Duhamels integral to the measured signals and the synthetic formation signals, calculating a synthetic bucked signal, and performing an inversion of a formation model to estimate a property of the formation such that an inverted synthetic bucked signal and an inverted bucked signal coincide within a predetermined range.