Transition Metal Fire Extinguishing Composition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current aerosol fire extinguishing agents face inefficiencies in fire extinguishing performance due to oxidation-reduction reactions that release gases and heat, leading to complex equipment, reduced effectiveness, and waste of agent cost, with conventional cooling methods deactivating active particles and affecting fire extinguishing efficiency.
Innovation Solution
A fire extinguishing composition containing a transition metal compound, such as salts of organic acids of fourth period transition metals, which decomposes at high temperatures to release active metal particles that react with combustion radicals, combined with auxiliary agents like amines that generate smothering gases, enhancing the chemical and physical cooling effects for improved fire extinguishing efficacy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If conventional physical cooling methods are used to cool the equipment and aerosol, then the equipment temperature is reduced, but the equipment structure becomes complex and heavy, and the fire extinguishing performance is greatly reduced due to deactivation of active particles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the mechanical physical cooling system with a chemical cooling mechanism. The fire extinguishing composition itself performs cooling through chemical reactions during aerosol generation, eliminating the need for separate mechanical cooling equipment. This substitution resolves the contradiction by achieving temperature reduction without adding complex mechanical cooling systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The fire extinguishing composition is designed to cool itself and the equipment through its own chemical reactions. The exothermic reactions during aerosol generation are balanced by endothermic decomposition reactions of the fire extinguishing agents, creating a self-regulating thermal system that eliminates the need for external cooling equipment.
2Temperature
If conventional physical cooling methods are used, then the equipment temperature is reduced, but the fire extinguishing performance is greatly reduced due to deactivation of active particles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical cooling that deactivates particles with chemical cooling that maintains particle activity. The chemical reactions produce cooling effects while simultaneously generating or maintaining active fire extinguishing particles, thus improving reliability rather than reducing it.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the exothermic heat from combustion reactions into useful chemical energy that drives endothermic decomposition reactions of the fire extinguishing agents. This transforms the harmful heat into a beneficial cooling mechanism that also generates active particles, turning a potential problem into a solution.
3Reliability
If the fire extinguishing efficiency is limited, then the agent cost is wasted to a certain extent
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the chemical composition parameters of the fire extinguishing agents to achieve rapid and effective fire suppression. By adjusting the ratios and types of inorganic salts, organic compounds, and other ingredients, the system achieves high fire extinguishing efficiency that prevents agent waste.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite fire extinguishing compositions combining multiple inorganic salts (ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate), organic compounds, and other ingredients. This composite approach creates synergistic effects that enhance fire extinguishing efficiency beyond what single agents could achieve, preventing agent waste.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition effectively cuts off combustion chains, improves fire extinguishing efficiency, reduces equipment temperature, and optimizes ingredient utilization, resulting in rapid and effective fire suppression with minimal residue and equipment complexity.
Implementation Method 1
decomposes at high temperatures to release active metal particles
Implementation Method 2
react with combustion radicals, cuts off the combustion reaction chain
Implementation Method 3
heat emitted by igniting and burning the pyrotechnic agent
Implementation Method 4
heated to decompose to generate a large quantity of N2 and CO2 gases
Implementation Method 5
the physical cooling effect of aerosol grains
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure relates to a fire extinguishing composition containing a transition metal compound, comprising a salt of an organic acid of the fourth period elements in a subgroup and the group VIII; and using a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, reacting through heat emitted by igniting the pyrotechnic agent to burn and outputting a fire extinguishing material. In the disclosure, a transition metal compound is selected as a primary ingredient, then an amine and/or organic amine salt is added to assist in fire extinguishing, a fire extinguishing aerosol is formed by using the fire extinguishing material generated by heating and decomposing the transition metal compound, and meanwhile the amine and/or organic amine salt is heated and decomposed to generate a great quantity of gas, thereby increasing the concentration and the air pressure strength of the fire extinguishing aerosol, improving the injection strength of the fire extinguishing material, and greatly improving the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing composition.