Transparent IR Reflecting Films Suppressing Visible Reflections

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Solution Overview

Problem

Multilayer infrared (IR) reflecting films often exhibit unwanted higher order reflections in the visible region, which are undesirable in applications like window films, necessitating the suppression of these reflections while maintaining IR reflectivity.

Innovation Solution

A multilayer IR reflecting film design featuring an optical repeating unit with alternating high refractive index polymeric layers (A) and low refractive index isotropic fluoropolymer layers (B), arranged in a specific thickness ratio (7:1:1:7:1:1) to achieve constructive and destructive interference, suppressing higher order reflections in the visible range while reflecting IR light effectively.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If multilayer polymeric films are designed to reflect infrared light, then infrared reflectance is improved, but higher order reflections in the visible region occur causing unwanted visible light reflection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinfrared reflectanceVSAvoidhigher order reflections in visible region
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by creating layers with different refractive indices (high refractive index layers and low refractive index fluoropolymer layers) at specific positions within the multilayer structure. This spatial variation in optical properties enables selective reflection of infrared light while suppressing visible light reflection through controlled constructive and destructive interference patterns at different wavelengths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes physical parameters by optimizing the thickness ratio of alternating layers to approximately 7:1:1:7:1:1 and selecting materials with specific refractive indices. These parameter changes tune the optical interference conditions to reflect infrared wavelengths while minimizing visible wavelength reflections, thereby resolving the contradiction between infrared reflectance and visible light transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Loss of energy

If layer thickness and material composition are optimized for infrared reflection, then infrared reflectance is improved, but visible light transmission may be compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinfrared reflectanceVSAvoidvisible light transmission
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSIllumination intensity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite materials by combining polymeric layers with high refractive indices and fluoropolymer layers with low refractive indices in an alternating multilayer structure. This composite approach creates optimized optical interference conditions that simultaneously achieve high infrared reflectance and high visible light transmission, as the different materials contribute different optical properties that work together to resolve the contradiction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Illumination intensity

If fluoropolymer layers are used to reduce visible reflection, then visible light transmission is improved, but maintaining interlayer adhesion becomes challenging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevisible light transmissionVSAvoidinterlayer adhesion
Core Design Contradiction:
Illumination intensityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent addresses the adhesion challenge by carefully selecting fluoropolymer materials and combining them with compatible polymeric layers in a composite multilayer structure. The selection of materials with appropriate surface properties and chemical compatibility ensures sufficient interlayer adhesion while maintaining the low refractive index properties of fluoropolymers that enable high visible light transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The film achieves high IR light reflectance (50-100%) and high visible light transmission (70-90%) with minimal UV absorption, maintaining transparency and effective solar heat rejection while preventing delamination and color non-uniformity.

Implementation Method 1

The plurality of optical polymeric layers are arranged to reflect light by constructive and destructive interference

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConstructive and destructive interference: Interference

Data Source

PatentEP3519178B1Visibly transparent broadband infrared mirror films
Publication Date: 2022.12.28 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
  • EP3519178B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3519178B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3519178B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Multilayer infrared (IR) reflecting films are provided. An optical repeating unit of the film include a plurality of optical polymeric layers arranged to reflect light by constructive and destructive interference. Optical layer A is a high refractive index polymeric layer, and optical layer B is a low refractive index isotropic polymeric layer containing fluoropolymers. The film has an average reflectance of about 50% to about 100% in a near infrared wavelength range of about 850 nm to about 1850 nm, and an average transmission of about 70% to about 90% in a visible light range.