Transparent Window Display With Uniformity Compensation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Electronic devices with full-face OLED displays face challenges in sensor performance due to low light transmission through the display stack, as sensors need to be placed under the display, and the dense thin-film transistors and associated routing structures significantly reduce light transmission, limiting sensing capabilities.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of non-pixel regions devoid of thin-film transistors and other display components, referred to as transparent windows, which increase light transmittance to underlying sensors, combined with uniformity compensation circuitry to maintain display uniformity and prevent visible borders between reduced and full resolution areas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Shape
If sensors are placed under the full-face display, then the device achieves borderless display design, but light transmission through the display stack is severely reduced (less than 20% in visible spectrum)
Solution Approach 1:
The display is segmented into pixel regions and non-pixel transparent window regions. The transparent windows are strategically positioned over the sensor area, allowing light to pass through while maintaining the overall borderless display structure. This segmentation resolves the contradiction by creating light transmission pathways without sacrificing the full-face display design.
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the display have different optical properties: pixel regions block light while transparent window regions transmit light. The non-pixel regions are specifically designed with high light transmission characteristics to compensate for the low transmission through the pixel regions, achieving adequate overall light transmission to the sensor while maintaining the borderless aesthetic.
2Illumination intensity
If non-pixel transparent window regions are introduced to increase light transmission, then sensor performance is improved, but display resolution is reduced in those areas
Solution Approach 1:
The display employs different structures in different regions: full pixel density in display regions and reduced pixel density (transparent windows) in sensor regions. This local differentiation allows each region to optimize its function - pixels for display quality and transparent windows for light transmission - while the uniformity compensation circuitry ensures visual consistency across the boundary.
Solution Approach 2:
The pixel density parameter is changed spatially across the display - high density in pixel regions and low density in transparent window regions. This parameter variation enables the display to achieve both high light transmission in sensor areas and high resolution in display areas, resolving the contradiction between these two requirements.
3Manufacturing precision
If uniformity compensation circuitry is used to maintain display uniformity, then visible borders between reduced and full resolution areas are prevented, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The uniformity compensation circuitry is integrated into the display driver and automatically adjusts pixel data to compensate for the reduced resolution in transparent window regions. This self-service approach handles the complexity internally within the display system, preventing visible borders without requiring additional external processing components.
Solution Approach 2:
The compensation circuitry uses pre-characterized compensation maps that store correction factors for different display regions. By applying these feedback-based corrections to the pixel data, the system maintains uniform display appearance across regions with different pixel densities, resolving the uniformity issue while managing complexity through lookup table-based correction.
Data Source
AI summary
An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To prevent a visible border between the reduced resolution areas of the display and full resolution areas of the display, uniformity compensation circuitry may be used to compensate pixel data. The uniformity compensation circuitry may output compensated pixel data for the display using one or more compensation maps that include compensation factors associated with pixel locations. The uniformity compensation circuitry may also use region-specific gamma look-up tables to apply different gamma curves to pixels in different regions of the display. The uniformity compensation circuitry may also be used to form a transition region between different regions of the display.