Passive Wireless Transponder Spatial Relationship Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing passive wireless transponders lack the ability to effectively determine the relative physical or spatial relationships between multiple transponders, limiting their application in commercial, security, and packaging scenarios where tracking and tampering detection are crucial.

Innovation Solution

A method and system enabling passive wireless transponders to communicate with each other via backscatter waves, using signal parameters like signal strength and time-of-flight to deduce spatial relationships, allowing for the detection of tampering or misplacement by disrupting the communication chain when substrate integrity is compromised.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If passive wireless transponders use traditional backscatter communication with a single reader, then energy consumption is minimized and device simplicity is maintained, but the ability to determine relative spatial relationships between transponders is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial relationship detectionVSAvoidcommunication system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary communication mechanism where transponders communicate with each other through the reader's carrier wave. Each transponder modulates the carrier wave with its backscatter signal, and other transponders can detect these modulations to determine relative positions. This intermediary approach enables spatial detection without requiring direct transponder-to-transponder communication hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The reader's carrier wave serves multiple functions: it provides energy to passive transponders, serves as a communication medium between transponders, and enables spatial relationship detection. By making the carrier wave multi-functional, the system achieves spatial detection capability without adding separate communication infrastructure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If passive wireless transponders are deployed in groups for tampering detection, then security and tracking capabilities are improved, but the complexity of determining relative positions and communication status increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetampering detection capabilityVSAvoidsystem operation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system implements feedback mechanisms where each transponder reports its communication status and detected neighboring transponders to the reader. The reader processes this feedback information to determine the communication chain status and detect tampering. This structured feedback approach enables reliable tampering detection while managing system complexity through centralized processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent divides the transponder group into individual units that each independently report their status. By segmenting the detection task into individual transponder reports rather than requiring complex inter-transponder coordination, the system achieves reliable tampering detection while keeping individual device complexity low.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Measurement precision

If signal parameters like signal strength and time-of-flight are used to deduce spatial relationships, then measurement precision is improved, but energy consumption and processing requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespatial relationship accuracyVSAvoidtransponder energy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the reader's transmitted carrier wave as the energy source for both the transponders' operation and for the spatial measurement process. The transponders passively reflect and modulate the carrier wave without requiring additional energy for transmission or measurement, achieving spatial accuracy while minimizing energy consumption through self-service operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables advanced tracking and tampering detection capabilities, ensuring the integrity of packages and ordered items by determining the relative positions and communication status of multiple transponders, providing real-time alerts for any disruptions or misplacements.

Implementation Method 1

Passive wireless transponders receive energy when illuminated or interrogated by a carrier wave within a particular frequency range. When energized, passive wireless transducers may backscatter waves which mayor may not carry data.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBackscatter: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

using signal parameters (e.g., signal strength, time-of-flight) of the backscatter signals produced by each of the plurality of passive wireless transponders

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTime-of-flight: Time of Flight

Data Source

PatentEP3067834B1Systems, methods, and apparatus to permit communication between passive wireless transponders
Publication Date: 2019.05.01 INTERMEC IP CORP
  • EP3067834B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3067834B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3067834B1 patent drawingFigure 5A~5B

AI summary

Passive wireless transponders can perform transponder-to-transponder communication when illuminated by an interrogation carrier wave. The transponder-to-transponder communication permits each transponder to determine the identity of "other" proximately transponders. The transponder-to-transponder communication optionally permits each transponder to identify a "nearest neighbor" using one or more backscatter signal properties such as received signal strength or time-of-flight. Using this information and one or more externally supplied or internally stored instruction sets transponders can provide neighboring transponder data to an interrogator. Using this "neighbor" data, the interrogator can provide a system user with data indicative of the relative locations of a plurality of tags arranged in a one or two dimensional matrix.