Tri-State Phase Control in Hydrogenated Transition Metal Oxides
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for hydrogen-containing transition metal oxides are limited to regulating between two phases and do not allow for tri-state phase transformations, nor can they be controlled by an electric field to achieve such transformations.
Innovation Solution
A method involving hydrogen-containing transition metal oxides with specific structural formulas, soaked in ionic liquids that can decompose into hydrogen and oxygen ions under an electric field, allowing for phase transformations through applied gating voltages to achieve three distinct phases with different lattice volumes and properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If traditional hydrogenation or thermal oxidation methods are used, then phase transformation between two phases can be achieved, but tri-state phase transformation cannot be realized
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by controlling the oxidation state of transition metal oxides through electrochemical methods. By adjusting the applied voltage and controlling the insertion/extraction of hydrogen and oxygen ions, the system can transition between three distinct phases (reduced, oxidized, and intermediate states), thereby achieving tri-state phase transformation through parameter control rather than complex mechanical mechanisms
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses an electrochemical cell with electrolyte as an intermediary medium to enable phase transformation. The electrolyte facilitates the insertion and extraction of ions (H+, O2-) into and from the transition metal oxide lattice, serving as a mediator that allows controlled transition between three phases without direct chemical reaction or complex thermal processing
2Ease of operation
If thermal methods are used for hydrogenation, then lattice structure changes occur, but electric field control is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces thermal mechanical processing with an electrochemical system controlled by electric fields. Instead of using high-temperature thermal methods to induce phase transformation, the invention applies voltage to drive ion insertion/extraction reactions, substituting thermal energy with electrical energy for more precise and controllable phase transformation at lower temperatures
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the control parameter from temperature (thermal methods) to voltage (electrical field). By controlling the applied voltage magnitude and polarity, the system can precisely regulate the degree of ion insertion/extraction, enabling reversible transitions between three phases at room temperature or low temperatures, thus improving ease of operation while reducing temperature requirements
3Adaptability or versatility
If hydrogen insertion is performed to expand lattice volume, then structural phase changes occur, but simultaneous regulation of electrical, optical, and magnetic properties is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves multi-functionality by using a single electrochemical mechanism (ion insertion/extraction) to simultaneously control multiple properties. The same process that changes lattice volume and crystal structure also modifies electrical conductivity, optical absorption, and magnetic characteristics of the transition metal oxide, allowing one system to perform multiple functions through unified control
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses parameter changes in ion concentration (controlled by applied voltage) to simultaneously regulate multiple physical properties. By adjusting the voltage to control the amount of H+ and O2- ions in the lattice, the system concurrently modifies structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, achieving versatile property regulation through a single controllable parameter
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables electric field-controlled tri-state phase transformations at room temperature, simultaneously regulating electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, achieving metal-insulator transformations, electrochromic effects, and tri-state magnetoelectric coupling, deepening understanding of ionic storage and transportation and enabling novel crystal structure designs.
Implementation Method 1
water in the first ionic liquid is capable of being decomposed into hydrogen ions and oxygen ions under an action of an electric field
Implementation Method 2
applying an electric field to the transition metal oxide to cause the hydrogen ions in the second ionic liquid to insert into the transition metal oxide
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2a~2f
Figure 3a~4
AI summary
A method for regulating a phase transformation of a hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide comprises steps of: S100, providing a hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide having a structural formula of ABOxHy, wherein the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide is in form of a first phase, A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5; S200, soaking the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide with a first ionic liquid capable of providing hydrogen ions and oxygen ions; and S300, applying a gating voltage to the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide with the first ionic liquid as a gate to regulate the phase transformation of the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide.