Triaryl Phosphine Chemosensor for Copper and Platinum Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting and quantifying copper and platinum are limited by poor selectivity, high detection limits, and the need for complex synthetic processes, with existing chemosensors often requiring multiple steps and being unsuitable for cellular imaging, while instrumental techniques are costly and not readily available for on-site use.
Innovation Solution
The development of triaryl phosphine-based chemosensors that react with copper and platinum ions to produce a significant increase in fluorescence, allowing for rapid and selective detection and quantification in test samples, including those in biological contexts, using propargyl and allyl fluorochrome ethers or carbamates that undergo depropargylation or deallylation reactions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If instrumental techniques such as ICP-MS are used for trace metal analysis, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex instrumental techniques (ICP-MS) with a chemical sensing system based on fluorescence spectroscopy. The chemosensor uses a fluorophore coupled to a metal-binding moiety that undergoes conformational change upon metal binding, resulting in fluorescence signal change. This substitution maintains detection capability while eliminating the need for complex instrumentation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a chemosensor as an intermediary substance that mediates between the metal ions and the detection system. The chemosensor contains a fluorophore and a metal-binding group that together translate metal presence into a measurable fluorescence signal, simplifying the detection process while maintaining sensitivity.
2Ease of operation
If chemosensors are used for copper detection, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to poor selectivity over other metals
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by designing the chemosensor with specific functional groups tailored for copper recognition. The chemosensor contains nitrogen-donor ligands (such as pyridine or imidazole groups) at specific positions that create a coordination environment selective for copper ions, distinguishing them from other metal ions through localized chemical properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by adjusting the pKa of the metal-binding group through molecular design. By controlling the protonation state and binding affinity parameters, the chemosensor achieves optimal selectivity for copper ions while maintaining responsiveness for detection. The fluorescence signal changes in response to specific copper-binding events rather than general metal binding.
3Ease of operation
If current copper chemosensors are used, then ease of operation is improved, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to requiring many synthetic steps
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the fluorophore and metal-binding functionalities into a single integrated chemosensor molecule. By combining these functions in one molecular entity rather than requiring separate components, the patent reduces the number of synthetic steps needed while maintaining sensor performance and ease of use.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
These sensors enable sensitive and selective detection of copper and platinum at low concentrations, with the ability to quantify copper as low as 4.5 nM and platinum as low as 5.5 nM, and can be used in both aqueous and cellular environments, offering a fast, inexpensive, and on-site analytical approach.
Implementation Method 1
reacting the test sample, the triaryl phosphine, and the propargyl fluorochrome ether or carbamate for a time, temperature, and pH sufficient to cause the depropargylation of the propargyl fluorochrome ether or carbamate in the presence of copper in the sample
Implementation Method 2
an increase in fluorescence of the depropargylated fluorochrome as compared to the propargyl fluorochrome at a suitable excitation wavelength of at least 10 times
Implementation Method 3
reacting the test sample, the triaryl phosphine, and the allyl fluorochrome ether or carbamate for a time, temperature, and pH sufficient to cause the deallylation of the allyl fluorochrome ether or carbamate in the presence of platinum in the sample
Implementation Method 4
an increase in fluorescence of the deallylated fluorochrome ether or carbamate as compared to the allyl fluorochrome ether or carbamate at a suitable excitation wavelength of at least 10 times
Data Source
AI summary
Methods of detecting platinum and copper in a test sample are provided. Kits for use in detecting platinum and copper in a test sample also are provided.