Tricyclic Radical Polymerization Initiator for Deep Layer Curing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing water-soluble radical polymerization initiators suffer from poor sensitivity, leading to insufficient curing, especially when pigments or deep layers are involved, due to their limited ability to effectively cure compositions across the entire cross-sectional depth.
Innovation Solution
A radical polymerization initiator with a tricyclic structure and a salt-forming group, represented by Formula (A), which enhances sensitivity and solubility in water by absorbing light in a broad wavelength range, including long-wavelength light, and forms a stable cured product even in deep layers.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional water-soluble initiators are used, then solubility in water is achieved, but sensitivity is poor leading to insufficient curing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines a tricyclic core structure with salt-forming groups to create a composite initiator molecule that integrates both photoreactivity and water solubility. The tricyclic structure provides the photochemical functionality while the salt-forming groups ensure water solubility, resolving the contradiction between curing effectiveness and solubility without requiring complex multi-component systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical parameters of the initiator by introducing salt-forming groups (such as carboxylate, sulfonate, or phosphate groups) to the tricyclic structure. This parameter change transforms the initiator from oil-soluble to water-soluble while maintaining or enhancing its photoreactivity, thereby improving curing effectiveness in water-based systems.
2Reliability
If conventional initiators are used, then simple structure is maintained, but sensitivity is insufficient for deep layer curing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite molecular structure that integrates a tricyclic photoactive core with salt-forming peripheral groups. This composite structure enables the initiator to absorb light effectively and generate radicals for deep layer curing while maintaining water solubility, overcoming the limitations of conventional simple-structure initiators.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by concentrating photoactive functionality in the tricyclic core region while distributing salt-forming groups at peripheral positions. This spatial separation optimizes light absorption and radical generation at the core while ensuring water solubility through the peripheral groups, enabling effective deep layer curing.
3Adaptability or versatility
If pigments are incorporated in composition, then color functionality is achieved, but curing becomes insufficient due to initiator sensitivity limitations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the photophysical parameters of the initiator by using a tricyclic structure with extended conjugation, which shifts the absorption maximum to longer wavelengths. This parameter change enables the initiator to penetrate through pigmented layers more effectively and initiate polymerization even in the presence of color materials, maintaining curing completeness while achieving versatile composition functionality.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The tricyclic structure with a salt-forming group ensures excellent sensitivity and solubility, enabling effective curing of compositions, including deep layers, with reduced organic solvent usage and improved compatibility with water-soluble resins.
Implementation Method 1
absorbing light in a broad wavelength range, including long-wavelength light
Implementation Method 2
radical polymerization initiator
Implementation Method 3
group containing a salt-forming group
Implementation Method 4
solubility in water
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are: a radical polymerization initiator which has excellent sensitivity and solubility in water; a composition containing the same; a cured product of the composition; a method of producing the cured product; and a compound. The radical polymerization initiator contains a compound represented by Formula (A) below (wherein Z1 represents a direct bond or the like; Z2 represents —C(R102)2— or the like; R1 to R8 each represent a hydrogen atom or the like, or a group containing a salt-forming group, which is represented by Formula (B1) below (wherein L1 represents a direct bond or the like, B represents an acidic group salt or the like, b represents 1 to 10, and the asterisk (*) represents a binding site), at least one of R1 to R8 is the group containing a salt-forming group; R101 and the like each represent a hydrogen atom or the like; one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group and the like used as R1 to R8 and the like are optionally substituted with an ethylenically unsaturated group or the like; one or more methylene groups in R1 to R8 and the like are optionally substituted with a double bond or the like; adjacent groups such as R1 and R2 are optionally bound together to, form a ring and optionally form a fused ring with a benzene ring in Formula (A); and represents a hydrogen atom or the like).