Trigger Frame Protection Using CMAC and GMAC Integrity Checks

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Solution Overview

Problem

Wireless devices are vulnerable to attacks where attackers can send fake trigger frames, leading to unauthorized transmissions, denial of service, and battery drain, as existing security measures do not protect trigger frames effectively.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a trigger frame protection system using Cipher-based Message Authentication Code (CMAC) and Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) to add an integrity check field to trigger frames, ensuring they were transmitted by the associated access point and not manipulated, while allowing legacy devices to function without encryption.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If trigger frames are left unprotected for legacy device compatibility, then ease of operation is improved, but security is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelegacy device compatibilityVSAvoidsecurity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The trigger frame protection mechanism is segmented into optional components: an integrity check field that can be independently added to trigger frames. This segmentation allows the security feature to be implemented without requiring changes to the core trigger frame structure, enabling legacy devices to ignore the protection field while protected devices can validate integrity, thus resolving the contradiction between compatibility and security

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by adding protection only where needed - the integrity check field is added to trigger frames sent by the access point, but only certain devices are required to process and validate it. This localized application of security measures allows the system to maintain backward compatibility while providing security enhancements to capable devices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Reliability

If an integrity check field is added to trigger frames for security, then reliability is improved, but device complexity is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesecurityVSAvoidframe structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The integrity check functionality is extracted as a separate, optional field that can be added to trigger frames without modifying the core frame structure. This extraction allows the security mechanism to be implemented independently, adding minimal complexity only where needed while keeping the rest of the trigger frame processing unchanged

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The integrity check field is prepared and attached to trigger frames in advance by the access point before transmission. This preliminary action allows receiving devices to simply validate the pre-computed integrity check without performing complex real-time security processing, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining security

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Object-affected harmful factors

If trigger frames are authenticated to prevent attacks, then harmful factors are reduced, but use of energy is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveunauthorized transmissionsVSAvoidprocessing energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements partial action by making the integrity check validation optional rather than mandatory for all devices. Devices can choose to validate the integrity check field based on their capabilities and security requirements, allowing energy-constrained devices to skip validation when appropriate while still providing security where needed, thus reducing overall energy consumption while maintaining protection against unauthorized transmissions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Data Source

PatentEP4412150A1Trigger frame protection
Publication Date: 2024.08.07 INTEL CORP
  • EP4412150A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4412150A1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2D
  • EP4412150A1 patent drawingFigure 3~6

AI summary

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to trigger frame protection. A device may generate a protected trigger frame comprising one or more fields to carry inform associated with one or more station devices (STAs). The device may cause to send the protected trigger frame to the one or more STAs.