Trigonelline Composition for Intracellular NAD+ Biosynthesis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods fail to effectively increase intracellular levels of NAD+ to improve cell and tissue survival and overall health, particularly in conditions associated with altered mitochondrial function.
Innovation Solution
Compositions comprising trigonelline, derived from plant or algae extracts, are administered orally to enhance NAD+ biosynthesis in cells, thereby treating or preventing mitochondria-related diseases and conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing methods are used to increase intracellular NAD+ levels, then cell and tissue survival may be improved, but the methods fail to effectively achieve sufficient NAD+ increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses trigonelline as an intermediary compound that the body converts into NAD+. Instead of directly administering NAD+ or its immediate precursors, trigonelline serves as a mediator that undergoes metabolic conversion through the kynurenine pathway to produce NAD+ intracellularly, thereby effectively increasing NAD+ levels while improving cell and tissue survival
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of NAD+ biosynthesis by introducing trigonelline, which alters the metabolic pathway parameters. Trigonelline enters the kynurenine pathway and changes the flux through this pathway, leading to increased NAD+ production efficiency and resolving the contradiction between reliable cell survival and productive NAD+ synthesis
2Reliability
If NAD+ levels are increased to treat mitochondria-related diseases, then overall cell and tissue health is improved, but the current methods cannot effectively achieve this increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs trigonelline which utilizes the body's own metabolic machinery (kynurenine pathway enzymes) to convert it into NAD+. The body's existing metabolic systems serve themselves by converting the administered trigonelline into the needed NAD+, making the method easy to implement and effective without requiring complex external intervention
Solution Approach 2:
The patent takes preliminary action by administering trigonelline before NAD+ depletion becomes critical. Trigonelline is stored and metabolized through the kynurenine pathway to produce NAD+ in advance, preventing the decline of NAD+ levels that would otherwise lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and poor cell health
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The increase in NAD+ biosynthesis improves cellular metabolism, enhances oxidative metabolism, prevents DNA damage, and supports overall health by addressing conditions such as aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders.
Implementation Method 1
When administered to an individual, the trigonelline is converted by the body into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
Implementation Method 2
NAD+ functions as an electron carrier in cell metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates
Data Source
AI summary
Compositions consist essentially of trigonelline or consist of trigonelline. The compositions can be used in food or beverage applications, pharmaceutical formulations, or as a dietary supplement. The compositions can be administered to a mammal to treat or prevent a mitochondria-related disease or a condition associated with altered mitochondrial function in an individual in need thereof or at risk thereof. The mitochondria-related disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of deleterious effects of aging, stress (e.g., oxidative stress), obesity, overweight, reduced metabolic rate, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, complications from diabetes, hyperlipidemia, neurodegenerative disease, cognitive disorder, stress-induced or stress-related cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, age-related neuronal death or dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, trauma, infection, cancer, hearing loss, macular degeneration, myopathies and dystrophies, and combinations thereof.