Trihalide Anion Exchange Resin Preparation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for preparing trihalide resins, particularly trichloride resins, are inefficient and generate significant waste, with existing resins having low affinity for chlorine, leading to impurities and safety concerns due to the toxicity of chlorine gas.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a styrene divinylbenzene polymer resin with polymer-bonded -ER3+ Cl- groups, where R is a C2 or larger hydrocarbon and E is N, P, or As, is contacted with a trichloride ion solution to form a trichloride resin, which can reversibly bind chlorine, reducing waste and improving safety by allowing controlled release.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If traditional methods using large volumes of bromide salt solution are used to convert chloride resin to bromide form, then the conversion can be accomplished, but a large amount of waste mixed salt solution is generated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by using periodate oxidation to convert chloride resin directly to triiodide resin, bypassing the traditional bromide intermediate step. This parameter change in the reaction pathway eliminates the need for large volumes of bromide salt solution and significantly reduces waste mixed salt solution generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the harmful waste generation step from the traditional multi-step process by implementing a direct one-step conversion method. The periodate oxidation method directly transforms chloride resin to triiodide resin without generating the waste mixed salt solution that would otherwise be produced in traditional sequential conversion processes.
2Ease of manufacture
If bromine is added using large volume of aqueous solution due to limited solubility, then bromide resin can be formed, but the process generates significant waste
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters by using periodate oxidation instead of bromine addition. This eliminates the solubility limitation issue entirely, as periodate oxidation proceeds in organic solvents or under conditions that do not require large volumes of aqueous solution, thereby preventing waste generation at its source.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If existing resins are used for chlorine absorption, then chlorine can be adsorbed, but the affinity is low leading to impurities and safety concerns
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite material structure by incorporating iodide groups into the resin matrix, forming a triiodide resin with high affinity for chlorine. The unique properties of iodide groups enable strong, selective binding to chlorine through charge transfer complex formation, creating a composite material that simultaneously achieves high affinity and safe handling characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a resin system that can be easily prepared and potentially replaced if needed, using readily available starting materials and simple one-step synthesis. The resin's high affinity ensures effective chlorine capture in a single use or limited cycles, making it a practical disposable or limited-life material that eliminates safety concerns associated with reversible absorbents.
4Adaptability or versatility
If chloride resin is converted to trihalide form using traditional methods, then the resin can be used for various reactions, but the process is inefficient and generates waste
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary action by pre-oxidizing the chloride resin with periodate to create the active triiodide form in a single preparatory step. This preliminary oxidation enables the resin to be immediately ready for its various applications in chlorination and oxidation reactions, eliminating the need for multiple sequential conversion steps and improving overall preparation efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the efficient preparation of trichloride resins with high affinity for chlorine, reducing waste and enabling safe, controlled delivery and use in chlorination and oxidation reactions, with minimal resin degradation and improved safety handling.
Implementation Method 1
A method involving a styrene divinylbenzene polymer resin with polymer-bonded -ER3+ Cl- groups, where R is a C2 or larger hydrocarbon and E is N, P, or As, is contacted with a trichloride ion solution to form a trichloride resin
Implementation Method 2
This approach enables the efficient preparation of trichloride resins with high affinity for chlorine, reducing waste and enabling safe, controlled delivery and use in chlorination and oxidation reactions
Data Source
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AI summary
A method of preparing a trihalide resin, where a trihalide ion solution is contacted with a styrene divinylbenzene polymer resin having polymer bonded -ER3+ X- groups where E is N, P, or As, R is a hydrocarbon group and X is C1, Br, or I. The trihalide ion can be C13 -, Br3 - or I3 -. A trichloride resin and a method of preparing the trichloride resin, where a styrene divinylbenzene polymer resin having polymer bonded -ER3 + C1- groups is contacted with chlorine. The trichloride resin can be used as a solid equivalent of chlorine gas. Formation of the styrene divinylbenzene resin comprising -ER3 +C1- units can be used to scavenge chlorine from a gas or liquid to form the styrene divinylbenzene resin comprising - ER3 +C13 - units.