Trimanganese Tetraoxide Particle Adjuvant for Balanced Vaccine Immunity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional aluminum adjuvants induce effective humoral immune responses but struggle to activate cellular immunity, and existing manganese adjuvants require high doses to achieve balanced immune responses, limiting their effectiveness in vaccines like the novel coronavirus subunit vaccines.
Innovation Solution
The use of trimanganese tetraoxide particles, externally wrapped with excipients such as proteins, polypeptides, or polysaccharides, to form a particulate adjuvant that is combined with single-stranded nucleotides like CpG ODN, allowing for targeted delivery of immune antigens and balanced humoral and cellular immunity with reduced doses.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional aluminum adjuvants are used, then humoral immune responses are induced effectively, but cellular immune responses cannot be activated
Solution Approach 1:
The invention uses trimanganese tetraoxide particles as a composite adjuvant material that combines multiple functional properties. The manganese-based composition integrates both humoral and cellular immune activation capabilities within a single material system, eliminating the limitation of aluminum adjuvants that only induce humoral responses.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameter from aluminum-based to manganese-based adjuvant. This parameter change fundamentally alters the immune response profile, enabling activation of both humoral and cellular immunity pathways that were not achievable with traditional aluminum adjuvants.
2Reliability
If existing manganese adjuvants are used, then immune enhancement is achieved, but high doses are required
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs excipient wrapping around trimanganese tetraoxide particles, creating a protected core-shell structure. This shell structure enhances the stability and bioavailability of the manganese core, allowing for more efficient immune activation at lower doses compared to unwrapped manganese adjuvants.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention implements a nested structure where trimanganese tetraoxide particles are embedded within excipient matrices. This nested configuration protects the active manganese core while facilitating controlled release and targeting, thereby reducing the overall dose required to achieve effective immune enhancement.
3Reliability
If simple divalent manganese or quadrivalent manganese adjuvants are used, then some immune activation is achieved, but balanced humoral and cellular immunity cannot be obtained
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the oxidation state parameter from divalent (Mn2+) or quadrivalent (Mn4+) manganese to trivalent manganese in the trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) structure. This specific oxidation state configuration enables simultaneous activation of both humoral and cellular immune pathways, achieving a balanced immune response that simpler manganese forms cannot provide.
Solution Approach 2:
The trimanganese tetraoxide structure represents a composite oxide containing manganese in mixed oxidation states (both Mn2+ and Mn3+), which provides dual functionality for activating different immune pathways. This composite structure at the molecular level enables balanced immune activation that monovalent manganese compounds cannot achieve.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The trimanganese tetraoxide particulate adjuvant achieves efficient immune activation and balanced immune responses with one-fifth the dose and one-fourth the concentration of prior art, effectively delivering antigens to lymph nodes and enhancing immune responses.
Implementation Method 1
The trimanganese tetraoxide particles, externally wrapped with excipients such as proteins, polypeptides, or polysaccharides
Implementation Method 2
manganese can also activate the cGAS-STING pathway, inducing humoral and cellular immune responses
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a use of trimanganese tetraoxide particles in preparation of a vaccine adjuvant. The adjuvant is a particle adjuvant, the particle adjuvant is trimanganese tetraoxide particles externally wrapped with or without an excipient, and the particle size of the particle adjuvant is 5 nm to 3000 nm. The trimanganese tetraoxide particle adjuvant provided in the present invention can be effectively combined with a single-stranded nucleotide adjuvant and can effectively carry an immune antigen, and a more excellent immunotherapy effects can be achieved when a fewer antigen dose and a relatively low injection amount are used; immune cells are efficiently activated, and body fluid balance and cellular immunity are achieved.