Waste Treatment Plant Trommel Ballistic Sorting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current mechanical-biological treatment plants face challenges in efficiently treating large volumes of household waste, particularly in effectively sorting and valorizing biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials, leading to a significant amount of waste being landfilled or incinerated.
Innovation Solution
A plant and method that utilize a rotary trommel with a separation wall and ballistic separation means to sort a secondary mixture of materials into fractions based on size and density, allowing for efficient separation and valorization of biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If mechanical-biological treatment plants use conventional sorting methods, then they can treat significant volumes of waste, but the sorting accuracy and ability to effectively separate biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The treatment plant is divided into multiple specialized units: a rotary trommel for size-based separation, a ballistic separator for density-based separation into organic and inorganic fractions, and separate biological treatment lines. This segmentation allows each unit to optimize for its specific function, maintaining high sorting accuracy while processing large volumes
Solution Approach 2:
Different separation techniques are applied to different material fractions based on their specific properties: size-based separation for the trommel, density-based ballistic separation for organic/inorganic differentiation, and aerobic/anaerobic biological treatment for respective waste streams. Each local treatment zone is optimized for the specific characteristics of the materials it handles
2Ease of manufacture
If conventional treatment methods are used, then implementation is simpler, but the quality of recycling and valorization products deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The rotary trommel performs preliminary size-based separation before the main biological treatment process, pre-concentrating organic materials and removing large inorganic contaminants. This preliminary action ensures that subsequent biological treatment receives pre-sorted material, significantly improving final product quality without adding complex post-treatment steps
Solution Approach 2:
The ballistic separator acts as an intermediary device between size-based and biological treatment processes, using density-based separation to further purify organic fractions and remove heavy inorganic contaminants. This intermediate separation step ensures high-quality input for both aerobic and anaerobic treatment lines
3Measurement precision
If more advanced separation technologies are implemented, then sorting accuracy improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The rotary trommel and ballistic separator utilize passive physical properties of materials (size, density) to achieve separation without requiring complex active control systems. The trommel uses rotational motion and gravity for size-based separation, while the ballistic separator uses projectile motion and density differences, both operating with minimal external intervention or complex instrumentation
4Loss of energy
If conventional treatment processes are used, then operational costs are lower, but the volume of waste requiring landfilling or incineration increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system changes the physical state and composition parameters of waste materials through sequential separation and biological transformation. The rotary trommel changes particle size distribution, the ballistic separator changes material composition by separating organic/inorganic fractions, and biological treatment converts organic waste into stabilized compost or biogas, fundamentally transforming waste into valuable products
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables quick, accurate, and efficient treatment of large volumes of household waste, allowing for high-quality recycling and valorization of biodegradable materials, reduced landfilling, and efficient biogas production.
Implementation Method 1
a rotary trommel provided with a separation wall with a series of separation through-holes for separating the secondary mixture of materials into a first fraction of materials passing through said separation wall via the series of separation holes and a second residual fraction of materials
Implementation Method 2
a ballistic separation means positioned between said trommel and said densimetric tables to collect said first fraction of materials and feed the first and second densimetric tables with at least one first and second subfractions of materials, respectively, the first subtraction of materials being formed of materials having an average density lower than an average density of the materials forming the second subtraction of materials
Implementation Method 3
at least one first and second densimetric tables, and a ballistic separation means positioned between said trommel and said densimetric tables
Data Source
AI summary
A plant for treating a mixture of waste products from a domestic waste collection, comprising a unit for treating a mixture (2B) of materials obtained from the mixture of waste, a substantial portion of the mass of the mixture of materials being formed by biodegradable materials, the treatment unit comprising a trommel screen (3) provided with a wall (4) for separating the mixture (2B) of materials into a first fraction (5) passing over the wall (4) and a second residual fraction, two densimetric tables, and a ballistic separation means(8) which is positioned between the trommel screen (3) and the densimetric tablesto collect the first fraction (5) and to supply the densimetric tables with a first sub-fraction and second sub-fraction (9, 10) of materials, respectively. First subfraction (9) formed by materials having a density lower than the materials forming the second sub-fraction (10).