Tumor-Associated Peptide Epitopes for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current treatments for cancers such as gastric, glioblastoma, and colorectal cancer are often ineffective and have high mortality rates due to late-stage diagnoses and limited immunotherapy options that do not adequately target tumor-associated antigens, leading to significant side effects and poor patient outcomes.
Innovation Solution
Development of peptides, particularly KIQEILTQV (SEQ ID NO:1) and its variants, which bind to MHC class I and II molecules, inducing T-cell responses to specifically target tumor cells, potentially used in vaccines and therapies to enhance immune recognition and eliminate cancer cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If conventional immunotherapy methods are used, then treatment coverage is provided, but they do not adequately target tumor-associated antigens leading to severe side effects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the immunotherapy approach by identifying and targeting specific tumor-associated antigen peptides (such as KIQEILTQV from IMP-3 protein) rather than using broad-spectrum immunotherapies. This segmentation allows the immune system to be directed precisely at cancer cells expressing these specific antigens, reducing off-target effects while maintaining therapeutic efficacy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses peptide-MHC complexes as intermediaries to bridge the gap between the immune system and tumor cells. By designing peptides that bind to specific MHC class I or II molecules, the therapy creates a targeted interface that presents tumor antigens to T-cells in a controlled manner, enabling precise targeting without the severe side effects of non-specific immunotherapies.
2Reliability
If current cancer treatments are used, then immediate treatment is provided, but they are often ineffective due to late-stage diagnoses
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables preliminary immunotherapeutic intervention by identifying specific tumor-associated antigens that can be targeted even in early-stage disease. The peptide-based approach allows for targeted immunotherapy to be initiated earlier in the disease course, potentially preventing progression to late-stage cancer and improving overall treatment effectiveness.
3Adaptability or versatility
If broad-spectrum immunotherapy is used, then coverage is provided, but it does not specifically target tumor cells leading to poor patient outcomes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating immunotherapies tailored to specific tumor antigens expressed by cancer cells. Rather than using uniform broad-spectrum approaches, the therapy is customized to target specific peptide sequences (such as KIQEILTQV) that are locally present on tumor cell surfaces, enabling precise targeting while maintaining the ability to adapt to different cancer types expressing these antigens.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The peptides effectively stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, offering a safer and more targeted treatment option for various cancers by enhancing patient well-being without severe side effects, improving survival rates and reducing metastasis.
Implementation Method 1
peptides, particularly KIQEILTQV (SEQ ID NO:1) and its variants, which bind to MHC class I and II molecules, inducing T-cell responses to specifically target tumor cells
Data Source
AI summary
The present description relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present description relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present description further relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T-cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.