Tumor-Specific Peptide Epitopes for Targeted Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer, such as vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors, have shown limited efficacy and significant side effects in treating various types of cancer, including glioblastoma, breast cancer, and others, due to the complexity of the immune response and tumor microenvironment.
Innovation Solution
Development of novel peptide sequences derived from HLA class I molecules of human tumor cells that can be used in vaccine compositions to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, targeting specific T-cell epitopes to enhance T-cell activation and tumor-specific immune responses.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If current immunotherapeutic approaches (vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors) are used to treat cancer, then immune response is stimulated, but efficacy is limited and side effects are significant
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the broad immune response into highly specific T-cell epitope targets. By identifying and targeting specific peptide sequences (epitopes) presented by HLA class I molecules on tumor cells, the vaccine elicits focused T-cell responses against particular tumor-associated antigens rather than attempting to stimulate the entire immune system, thereby improving efficacy while reducing off-target side effects
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by designing vaccines that target specific localized epitopes on tumor cells rather than uniform whole-cell approaches. Different vaccine compositions can be tailored to target different epitopes based on the specific tumor type and patient HLA genotype, creating customized immunotherapies with optimized efficacy and safety profiles for specific cancer indications
2Productivity
If broad immune response is stimulated to treat cancer, then anti-tumor activity increases, but specificity decreases and off-target effects increase
Solution Approach 1:
The approach segments the immune response into epitope-specific T-cell clones. Each epitope vaccine composition targets a specific peptide sequence, generating focused T-cell responses that recognize only tumor cells presenting that particular epitope, thereby maintaining high anti-tumor productivity with precise targeting and minimal cross-reactivity with normal tissues
Solution Approach 2:
The patent identifies epitopes with broad applicability across multiple tumor types or patient populations. Certain tumor-associated antigens and their epitopes can be targeted by the same vaccine composition across different cancer indications, providing a universal platform that maintains high specificity while achieving broad anti-tumor effectiveness through multiple mechanisms
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.