Tuned Loop Resonator for Non-Invasive Vein Localization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for locating veins, such as ultrasound and NIR imaging, are invasive, costly, or not universally available, and struggle with depth limitations, leading to challenges in venipuncture, especially in patients with difficult venous access.
Innovation Solution
A system using a tuned loop resonator mounted on a substrate with a processor to detect resonant frequencies and reflection coefficient magnitudes on the skin surface, capable of distinguishing between veins and surrounding tissue, and optionally integrated with machine learning for enhanced vein localization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If ultrasound or NIR imaging is used to locate veins, then vein detection capability is improved, but cost and device complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex mechanical imaging systems (ultrasound, NIR) with a simple resonant circuit-based detection system. The tuned loop resonator uses electromagnetic resonance principles to detect vein locations through changes in resonant frequency and reflection coefficient, eliminating the need for complex imaging hardware while achieving comparable detection accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a low-cost, simple resonator design that can be easily manufactured and discarded after use. The tuned loop resonator uses basic electromagnetic components rather than expensive, complex imaging devices, making the system economically viable for widespread clinical use.
2Measurement precision
If NIR imaging is used for vein detection, then vein localization is improved, but depth penetration is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes optical NIR imaging with electromagnetic resonance detection. The tuned loop resonator operates at microwave frequencies that penetrate tissue deeper than NIR light, enabling detection of veins at greater depths while maintaining localization accuracy through resonant frequency measurement.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from optical absorption (NIR) to electromagnetic resonance frequency. By measuring changes in resonant frequency and reflection coefficient of the tuned loop, the system can detect veins at deeper tissues where NIR penetration fails, as the resonant frequency shifts respond to dielectric property changes in deeper structures.
3Ease of operation
If manual venipuncture is performed, then procedure simplicity is maintained, but success rate decreases and complications increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by detecting vein locations and characteristics before the actual venipuncture procedure. The tuned loop resonator scans the skin surface to identify vein positions, depth, and diameter in advance, allowing the phlebotomist to plan the insertion approach beforehand, thereby increasing first-attempt success rates.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback by providing real-time information about vein location and characteristics to the operator during the venipuncture process. The resonator continuously measures resonant frequency and reflection coefficient changes, giving immediate feedback on vein proximity and depth, enabling dynamic adjustment of insertion parameters to improve success rates.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Provides non-invasive, cost-effective, and accurate vein detection, enabling successful venipuncture with reduced attempts and minimizing complications.
Implementation Method 1
a tuned loop resonator to detect blood vessels... detect at least one of resonant frequencies and reflection coefficient magnitudes when the resonator is applied to a skin surface
Implementation Method 2
The presence of veins under the skin can be detected by evaluating the resonant frequency shifts and magnitude changes of reflection coefficients in measurements... dielectric properties of blood vessels are significantly different from those of skin and muscles
Data Source
AI summary
Provided herein are systems and methods for detecting blood vessels, including a system including a resonator mounted on a substrate; and a processor connected to the resonator; wherein the resonator and the processor are configured to detect at least one of resonant frequencies and reflection coefficient magnitudes when the resonator is applied to a skin surface of a subject.