Tungsten Oxide Material for Infrared Absorption
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Solution Overview
Problem
Tungsten oxides with polyatomic cations or metals exhibit insufficient infrared (IR) absorbance properties, and may absorb visible light, affecting the color of the matrix in which they are dispersed, necessitating an improvement in IR absorbing properties without significant visible light absorption.
Innovation Solution
A tungsten oxide composition of Formula (I) with specific stoichiometric ratios of monoatomic and polyatomic species, such as ammonium, incorporated into the lattice, providing enhanced IR absorbance while minimizing visible light absorption, characterized by the formula MyAxWOz, where M and A are strategically positioned in the interstitial gaps, optimizing IR absorbance without deleterious effects on visible color.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If tungsten oxides incorporating polyatomic cations or metals are used to provide IR absorbing properties, then IR absorbance is achieved, but the IR absorbing properties are insufficient and visible light absorption occurs which affects the color of the matrix
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by incorporating specific polyatomic cations (ammonium, hydroxonium) and monoatomic species (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals) in controlled ratios. The formula MyAxWOz with specific ranges for x, y, and z optimizes the material's optical properties to enhance IR absorbance while minimizing visible light absorption, thereby resolving the contradiction between achieving sufficient IR absorbance and avoiding visible light absorption that affects matrix color
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite tungsten oxide material combining multiple species (tungsten, oxygen, polyatomic cations A, and monoatomic species M) in a specific structural arrangement. This composite approach allows the material to simultaneously achieve high IR absorbance through the polyatomic cations while the specific composition and structure minimize visible light absorption, resolving the technical contradiction between these two optical requirements
2Use of energy by moving object
If higher concentrations of polyatomic species are used to enhance IR absorbance, then IR absorbing properties improve, but the material may absorb more visible light and affect matrix color
Solution Approach 1:
The patent precisely controls the concentration parameters x and y in the formula MyAxWOz, where x represents the polyatomic species content and y represents the monoatomic species content. By optimizing these parameters within specific ranges (x up to 0.32, y up to 0.32, with x+y≤0.33), the material achieves maximum IR absorbance while the coordinated control of both parameters ensures visible light absorption is minimized, preventing adverse effects on matrix color
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces different species at specific locations within the tungsten oxide lattice structure. The polyatomic cations (A) and monoatomic species (M) are incorporated into interstitial sites or replace tungsten atoms at specific positions, creating local variations in optical properties that enhance IR absorbance while maintaining transparency in the visible range, thus resolving the contradiction between enhanced IR absorbance and minimized visible light absorption
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition achieves significant IR absorbance while maintaining minimal visible light absorption, as demonstrated by high IR absorbance values at specific wavelengths, such as 1039 nm, without compromising the visible color characteristics.
Implementation Method 1
Some such tungsten oxides absorb infra-red (IR) radiation and are therefore used to provide IR absorbing properties
Data Source
AI summary
A material of Formula (I)MyAxWOz (I)where M represents one or more monoatomic species,A represents one or more polyatomic cationic species, each having an ionic radius of no more than 2 Å,W is tungsten, O is oxygen, y is non-zero and is up to and including 0.32, x is non-zero and up to and including 0.32, and z is from 2.5 to 4.0, provided that x+y≤0.33.