Non-Axisymmetric Turbine Endwall Contouring for Vortex Loss Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas turbine engines suffer from endwall losses due to the formation of vortices in the fluid flow passages between airfoils, which are not effectively mitigated by existing technologies.

Innovation Solution

The endwalls are contoured with specific features such as depressions and peaks to reduce endwall losses, featuring three distinct configurations on the inner and outer endwalls to minimize vortex formation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If conventional smooth endwalls are used in turbine sections, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but secondary losses increase due to vortex formation in the fluid flow passages

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesecondary lossesVSAvoidendwall structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The endwall is designed with non-axisymmetric contouring features including peaks and valleys at specific locations rather than uniform smoothing. These localized geometric variations are positioned to specifically address vortex formation in critical flow passage regions while maintaining simplicity in other areas, thus reducing secondary losses without excessive complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The invention employs non-axisymmetric endwall contouring where the endwall geometry varies asymmetrically around the circumference. This asymmetric shaping creates favorable flow conditions in specific regions by disrupting vortex formation patterns, directly addressing the energy loss problem while introducing controlled geometric complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

2Loss of energy

If endwall contouring features are added to reduce vortices, then secondary losses decrease, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveendwall lossesVSAvoidendwall fabrication
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The endwall contouring is defined by specific geometric parameters including peak heights, valley depths, and circumferential positions that can be systematically controlled during manufacturing. By standardizing these parameters and using consistent contouring patterns, the invention reduces endwall losses while making the manufacturing process more predictable and manageable

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The endwall contouring significantly reduces secondary losses by minimizing vortex formation, enhancing the efficiency of gas turbine engines.

Implementation Method 1

a flow phenomenon known as a vortex, which forms as a result of the boundary layer separating from the endwall as the gas passes the airfoils

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVortex formation: Vortex Ring

Implementation Method 2

the boundary layer separating from the endwall as the gas passes the airfoils

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBoundary layer separation: Boundary Layer

Data Source

PatentEP3722556B1Gas turbine section having a non-axisymmetric endwall contouring with aft mid-passage peak
Publication Date: 2026.04.01 RTX CORP
  • EP3722556B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3722556B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP3722556B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

A turbine section (28, 34) includes a pair of adjacent turbine airfoils (59A, 59B) and an endwall (64A, 64B) extending between the airfoils (59A, 59B). The endwall (64A, 64B) includes a first feature (80) spanning approximately thirty percent pitch (P) and having a first depression (82) with a maximum depression located between twenty percent and eighty percent of the axial chord length (76) of the first airfoil (59A), a second feature (86) spanning approximately thirty percent pitch (P) and having a first peak (88) with a maximum height (90) located between sixty percent and ninety percent of the axial chord length (76) of the first airfoil (59A), and a third feature (92) spanning approximately thirty percent pitch (P) and having a second depression (94) with a maximum depression located between twenty percent and fifty percent of the axial chord length (76) of the second airfoil (59B).