Gas Turbine Inlet Icing Detection Using Temperature Differential

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas turbine engines face challenges in accurately detecting icing conditions, which can lead to reduced performance and potential damage from accumulated ice, despite existing anti-icing systems that may impose operational limitations and efficiency reductions.

Innovation Solution

A system using temperature sensors at upstream and downstream points in the engine inlet to measure temperature differentials, correlated with atmospheric and operational conditions, to determine the likelihood of icing and trigger corrective actions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If anti-icing systems are continuously activated to prevent ice accumulation, then reliability is improved, but loss of energy increases and productivity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveicing condition protectionVSAvoidengine efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary detection of icing conditions by measuring temperature differentials between upstream and downstream points in the inlet airflow path. By identifying icing conditions before significant ice accumulation occurs, the system can activate anti-icing measures only when necessary, rather than continuously, thus maintaining reliability while reducing energy loss and preserving engine efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The control system continuously monitors temperature differentials between upstream and downstream temperature sensors in the inlet airflow path. When the differential exceeds a threshold indicating icing conditions, the system activates anti-icing measures. This feedback mechanism ensures anti-icing systems operate only when needed, improving reliability while minimizing energy consumption and maintaining productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Measurement precision

If temperature sensors are positioned to accurately detect icing conditions, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveicing condition detection accuracyVSAvoidsensor system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses the inlet airflow path itself as an intermediary medium to detect icing conditions. By measuring temperature differentials between upstream and downstream points in the airflow path, the system leverages the airflow as a carrier of thermal information, achieving accurate icing detection without requiring complex sensor arrays or sophisticated measurement systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The inlet airflow path is segmented into upstream and downstream measurement zones with separate temperature sensors. This segmentation allows the system to measure temperature differentials across distinct regions, improving measurement precision for icing detection while keeping each sensor simple and the overall device complexity manageable

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables precise identification of icing conditions, allowing optimal engine operation and minimizing risks by activating anti-icing measures only when necessary, thus maintaining efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a first temperature sensor for sensing a first temperature of the aircraft fluid at a first upstream point

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 2

a second temperature sensor for sensing a second temperature of the aircraft fluid at a second downstream point where the aircraft fluid has been exposed to the inlet air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing: Thermocouple

Implementation Method 3

the aircraft fluid has been exposed to the inlet air for a period of time

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection heat transfer: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP4407168B1Icing condition identification for gas turbine engine
Publication Date: 2026.03.04 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA CORP
  • EP4407168B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4407168B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP4407168B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A gas turbine engine (20) includes a propulsor for providing air into a core engine housing and propulsion air radially outwardly of the core engine housing. The core engine housing surrounds a compressor section. A combustor is positioned downstream of the compressor section and a turbine section is positioned downstream of the combustor. An aircraft fluid moves within an inlet (32) to the gas turbine engine (20), and is exposed to inlet air (C) at the inlet (32). There is a first temperature sensor (56) for sensing a first temperature of the aircraft at a first upstream point and a second temperature sensor (54) for sensing a second temperature of the aircraft fluid at a second downstream point where the aircraft fluid has been exposed to the inlet air (C) for a period of time. A control (100) determines a temperature differential between first and second temperatures sensed by the first and second temperature sensors (56, 54). The temperature differential is associated with a likelihood that an icing condition will occur, and the control (100) is programmed to take a corrective action should an icing condition be identified.