Turbocharger Surge Detection via Temperature Difference

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for detecting the surge limit of a turbocharger in a combustion engine require extensive measurement and calculation efforts, are dependent on specific engine and turbocharger characteristics, and do not account for tolerances in compressor components, making it difficult to monitor approaching surge limits effectively.

Innovation Solution

A method using at least two temperature sensors arranged upstream of the compressor wheel in the intake channel to determine a temperature difference, which is compared to a predefined threshold to indicate the approach of a surge limit, allowing for early detection and output of a signal to prevent unsafe engine operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If current methods use extensive measurement and calculation with multiple parameters to detect surge limit, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurge limit detection accuracyVSAvoidmeasurement and calculation effort
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential parameter needed for surge limit detection - the temperature difference across the compressor wheel - from the complex set of multiple parameters (pressure ratio, normalized volume flow, operating maps) used in conventional methods. This simplification maintains detection accuracy while dramatically reducing measurement and calculation requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the complex mechanical and computational system (multiple sensors, pressure measurements, flow calculations, operating map comparisons) with a simpler thermal measurement system using only temperature sensors to detect surge limit conditions through temperature difference measurement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If current methods use extensive measurements and calculations to determine surge limit, then reliability is improved, but loss of time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurge limit detection reliabilityVSAvoidreal-time detection response time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the critical thermal indicator (temperature difference) from the complex multi-parameter analysis, enabling rapid real-time detection without extensive calculations. This allows immediate response to approaching surge conditions while maintaining reliable detection through focused measurement of the most relevant parameter.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Measurement precision

If current methods use manufacturer-specific operating maps to detect surge limit, then measurement precision is improved, but adaptability worsens

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurge limit detection accuracyVSAvoidapplicability to different engine and turbocharger types
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a universal surge limit detection method based on temperature difference measurement that can be applied across different engine and turbocharger types without requiring manufacturer-specific operating maps. The fundamental thermal phenomenon of temperature rise across the compressor wheel during surge conditions is universal, making this approach adaptable to various configurations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the detection parameter from manufacturer-specific operating characteristics (pressure ratio, normalized flow relative to operating maps) to a universal thermal parameter (temperature difference) that reflects the fundamental physics of compressor surge across all turbocharger types, thereby improving adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method enables reliable and independent monitoring of the surge limit, reducing the need for extensive measurements and calculations, and can be implemented across various engine and turbocharger types, facilitating safe operation by detecting the approach of a surge limit before it is reached.

Implementation Method 1

determining a temperature difference between at least two temperature sensors based on said received measurement signals

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature difference measurement: Temperature Gradient

Data Source

PatentEP4332359A1Pump limit distance detection for a turbocharger
Publication Date: 2024.03.06 CATERPILLAR ENERGY SOLUTIONS
  • EP4332359A1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP4332359A1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP4332359A1 patent drawing

AI summary

The present invention pertains to a method for detecting a pump limit distance for a compressor pump of a turbocharger, a corresponding compressor system for a turbocharger of a combustion engine, and a combustion engine comprising such compressor system, in particular to reduce the occurrence of reverse flow and ensure safe operation of an engine. Accordingly, a method for monitoring a surge limit (12) of a turbocharger of a combustion engine during operation is suggested, comprising the steps of: receiving a respective measurement signal from at least two temperature sensors (28, 30, 32) arranged upstream of a compressor wheel (16) in an intake channel of the turbocharger conveying a medium, wherein the temperature sensors (28, 30, 32) are spaced apart from each other in a longitudinal direction relative to the compressor wheel (16); determining a temperature difference between at least two temperature sensors (28, 30, 32) based on said received measurement signals; comparing the determined temperature difference with a predefined threshold indicative of a surge limit (12) of the turbocharger; and outputting a signal based on said comparison.