Turquoise Blue Enamel Composition for High-Temperature Color Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing coloring agents for turquoise blue enamels lack stability at high temperatures and oxidize during firing, making it difficult to achieve and maintain the desired color.
Innovation Solution
A turquoise blue enamel composition comprising white enamel frit based on silica, alumina, and cerium oxide, with specific additives like anhydrous copper sulfate, potassium carbonate, zinc oxide, and vanadium oxide, which are formulated to provide stability and achieve the desired color after firing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional coloring agents (chromium, copper, cobalt, iron) are incorporated into enamels, then colored enamels can be obtained, but the coloring agents lack stability at high temperatures and oxidize during firing, causing color degradation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the coloring system by using copper sulfate (CuSO4) and vanadium oxide (V2O5) in specific proportions (CuSO4: 5-15%, V2O5: 2-7%) within the enamel formulation. This parameter change allows the system to achieve turquoise blue color that remains stable during high-temperature firing (700-1000°C), resolving the contradiction between incorporating coloring agents and maintaining color stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite enamel formulation combining multiple components: white enamel frit (silica, alumina, cerium oxide), copper sulfate, vanadium oxide, and potassium carbonate. This composite material approach allows the individual components to work synergistically, where copper sulfate provides the base blue color and vanadium oxide stabilizes it during firing, preventing oxidation and maintaining the desired turquoise blue hue throughout the high-temperature process.
2Illumination intensity
If turquoise blue pigments are used, then the desired color can be achieved, but the pigments degrade or oxidize during firing, making it impossible to retain the turquoise blue color after firing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful oxidation effect during firing into a beneficial outcome. By using copper sulfate and vanadium oxide in controlled proportions, the oxidation that would normally degrade pigments instead creates a stable turquoise blue color. The potassium carbonate in the formulation further facilitates this by creating a protective chemical environment during firing that prevents color degradation, turning the high-temperature oxidation process from a harmful factor into a mechanism that ensures color stability.
3Ease of manufacture
If in situ pigment formulation is used in zirconia-alumina matrix, then red pigment can be manufactured, but there are no known cases of in situ pigment formulation within enamel matrix, particularly for turquoise pigment
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements self-service by allowing the enamel formulation itself to generate the turquoise blue color during the firing process, without requiring pre-manufactured pigments. The copper sulfate and vanadium oxide components react in situ within the enamel matrix during firing (700-1000°C) to produce the desired color. This eliminates the need for separate pigment manufacturing steps and external pigment incorporation, enabling the enamel to self-generate its coloration through controlled chemical reactions during the standard firing process.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The composition results in a stable turquoise blue color with defined CIELAB parameters, allowing for consistent color retention and enabling further processing of the object.
Implementation Method 1
anhydrous copper sulfate having a mass content of between 7% and 15%; potassium carbonate having a mass content of between 7% and 15%; zinc oxide having a mass content of between 5% and 15%; and vanadium oxide having a mass content of between 2% and 7%
Implementation Method 2
Turquoise blue pigments are not common on the market and degrade or oxidize during the firing of the enamel
Implementation Method 3
place the object with the enamel in a kiln and heat to a maximum temperature between 700°C and 1000°C to obtain a support with a baked turquoise-blue enamel
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a coloured enamel, comprising white enamel frit based on silica, alumina and cerium oxide and the following additives: - anhydrous copper sulfate having a mass content of between 7% and 15%; - potassium carbonate having a mass content of between 7% and 15%; - zinc oxide having a mass content of between 5% and 15%; and - vanadium oxide having a mass content of between 2% and 7%.