TWA Measurement Using Frank Vector Synthesis and Beat Selection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current TWA measurement techniques are limited by the need for constant heart rate and suppression of extrasystole, which can be difficult to maintain, leading to prolonged measurement times and increased burden on both the measuring person and subject, and may not allow for accurate measurement in cases where these conditions are not met.
Innovation Solution
A TWA measuring apparatus and method that synthesizes a Frank's vector electrocardiogram from scalar electrocardiographic signals using transformation coefficients, allowing for the selection and measurement of waveforms contributing to TWA detection, even in the presence of abnormal values, without requiring constant heart rate or extrasystole suppression.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If the measurement technique based on the periodogram of CH Inc. is used, then measurement precision is improved, but measurement time is prolonged due to requirements for constant heart rate and extrasystole suppression
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary detection of extrasystoles and heart rate variability before the main TWA measurement. By identifying abnormal beats in advance, the system can exclude them from the measurement calculation, allowing continuous measurement without requiring manual intervention to suppress extrasystoles or maintain constant heart rate throughout the entire measurement period.
Solution Approach 2:
The measurement system dynamically adjusts by continuously monitoring heart rate and detecting extrasystoles during the measurement process. When abnormalities are detected, the system automatically excludes affected beats from the TWA calculation rather than requiring the subject to maintain static conditions (constant heart rate) throughout the measurement.
2Measurement precision
If strict measurement conditions (constant heart rate, extrasystole suppression) are enforced, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to increased burden on measuring person and subject
Solution Approach 1:
The measurement system performs self-correction by automatically detecting extrasystoles and abnormal heart rate variations, then excluding these beats from the TWA calculation. This eliminates the need for the measuring person to manually monitor and suppress extrasystoles or to continuously adjust measurement parameters, allowing the system to maintain measurement precision while operating autonomously.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors heart rate and beat quality during measurement, providing real-time feedback to automatically adjust which beats are included in the TWA calculation. This feedback mechanism allows the system to maintain measurement accuracy by excluding abnormal beats without requiring external intervention from the measuring person or subject.
3Ease of operation
If measurement is performed without satisfying heart rate constant and extrasystole suppression conditions, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to data collection reset
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary detection and classification of beats during the measurement process, identifying which beats contain extrasystoles or abnormal heart rate variations. This preliminary action allows the system to flexibly include or exclude specific beats from the TWA calculation without requiring complete data collection resets, maintaining both measurement flexibility and precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The measurement system dynamically determines which beats to include in the TWA calculation based on real-time quality assessment. Rather than requiring all beats to meet strict conditions or resetting the entire measurement, the system adaptively selects suitable beats from the continuous stream, allowing flexible operation while maintaining measurement accuracy.
Data Source
AI summary
A TWA measuring apparatus includes: an electrocardiograph controlling section which is configured to produce an electrocardiogram from electrocardiographic signals of a subject; and a TWA measuring section which is configured to select at least two waveforms that contribute to a measurement of TWA, from the electrocardiogram, and which is configured to measure a presence of TWA by using the selected at least two waveforms.