Two-Chip Quantum Processor Layout for Scalable Qubit Arrays
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Solution Overview
Problem
The design and implementation of large-scale quantum computers face challenges in scalability and layout constraints due to the complexity of controlling and maintaining quantum hardware, which hinders the realization of efficient quantum processing.
Innovation Solution
A scalable quantum processor design featuring a qubit array with control regions bounded by qubits, utilizing a two-chip configuration where qubits are on one chip and control elements and readout resonators are on another, allowing for flexible scaling and reduced interference through dielectric and shielding layers, enabling direct capacitive coupling and non-overlapping footprints for components.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If qubits and control elements are integrated on the same chip, then device complexity is reduced, but layout constraints and interference increase
Solution Approach 1:
The quantum processor is divided into two separate chips: a first chip containing qubits arranged in an array, and a second chip containing control elements and readout resonators. This segmentation physically separates quantum components from classical control components, reducing electromagnetic interference while maintaining functional integration through bonded chip architecture.
2Productivity
If additional unit cells are added to scale the quantum processor, then processing capacity increases, but layout constraints and component intersection increase
Solution Approach 1:
The qubit array is organized in a two-dimensional grid with misaligned rows and columns, creating control regions that can be systematically extended. Additional unit cells can be added by expanding the array in either dimension without causing component intersections, as the staggered layout provides natural spacing for scaling.
Solution Approach 2:
The control regions bounded by misaligned qubit rows and columns serve multiple functions: they define coupling pathways between qubits, provide space for readout resonators, and enable systematic expansion. This universal control region design allows the same structural pattern to be repeated and scaled without redesign.
3Force
If control regions are positioned within qubit footprints, then coupling strength increases, but interference with qubit operation increases
Solution Approach 1:
Readout resonators are positioned within control regions to act as intermediary elements between qubits and measurement systems. These resonators enable strong coupling for readout while being spatially separated from direct qubit control pathways, minimizing interference with qubit operations through the bonding interface.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design facilitates scalable and flexible quantum processor expansion by allowing additional unit cells to be added without intersecting existing components, reducing layout constraints and increasing coupling strength and coherence, while minimizing interference and losses.
Implementation Method 1
a first qubit readout transmission line is arranged to electromagnetically couple to each qubit readout resonator positioned within a footprint of a corresponding control region of the first qubit row
Implementation Method 2
The second chip includes a dielectric layer and a shielding layer covering the dielectric layer
Implementation Method 3
each qubit of the plurality of qubits includes at least two superconductor islands... a Josephson junction arranged to electromagnetically couple a first superconductor island to a second superconducting island
Implementation Method 4
The first qubit readout transmission line is arranged to couple to a first Purcell filter of the plurality of Purcell filters
Data Source
AI summary
A device includes: a first chip including a plurality of qubits arranged in an array on a first side of the first chip, in which the array includes a plurality of qubit rows and a plurality of qubit columns, in which the plurality of qubits includes a first qubit row including two or more qubits and a second qubit row including two or more qubits, and in which the second qubit row is directly adjacent to the first qubit row; a second chip bonded to the first chip, in which the second chip has a first side that faces the first side of the first chip; a plurality of qubit control elements; a plurality of qubit readout resonators; and a plurality of qubit readout transmission lines.