Two-Phase Access Control for M2M Base Station Load Reduction
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Solution Overview
Problem
In Machine-To-Machine (M2M) communication systems, especially in scenarios like vehicle condition monitoring, the limited availability of Random Access Channel (RACH) access resources leads to base station overload due to simultaneous requests from numerous terminals, resulting in increased latency and resource contention.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a two-phase access control method where terminals are grouped and a leader terminal sends a first preamble sequence, followed by a second preamble sequence from acquired terminals, with acquisition indicators used to manage access, reducing the load on the base station by minimizing simultaneous preamble sequence receptions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If multiple terminals simultaneously request access resources by sending preamble sequences, then the access resource utilization is improved, but the base station becomes overloaded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the access process into two distinct phases: a first access phase where terminals send first preamble sequences, and a second access phase where terminals send second preamble sequences. This segmentation divides the simultaneous access requests into separate time slots, reducing the peak load on the base station while maintaining overall access resource utilization.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements periodic access phases where terminals alternately send first and second preamble sequences at different time periods. The base station processes first preamble sequences in one period and second preamble sequences in another period, creating a periodic pattern that prevents simultaneous processing overload.
2Quantity of substance
If limited RACH access resources are shared among numerous M2M terminals, then the network capacity is improved, but the access latency increases
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the access process into two phases with distinct preamble sequences, the patent allows the base station to process access requests in organized batches rather than handling all requests simultaneously. This reduces waiting time for individual terminals while maintaining high network capacity through efficient resource sharing.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses first preamble sequences as preliminary actions to reserve access resources before actual data transmission. Terminals send first preamble sequences to indicate their access intent, allowing the base station to prepare resources in advance, thereby reducing access latency when terminals need to transmit data.
3Reliability
If terminals re-send preamble sequences after not receiving acquisition indicators, then the access success rate is improved, but the base station load further increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes periodic access phases where re-sending of preamble sequences occurs in designated second access phases rather than immediately upon failure. This periodic structure allows the base station to handle re-sent requests in organized batches, maintaining access success rate while preventing continuous overload from immediate re-transmissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The first preamble sequence serves as a preliminary attempt to secure access resources. If terminals do not receive acquisition indicators, they use the structured second access phase to re-send second preamble sequences, which are processed in a controlled manner by the base station, ensuring access success while managing load.
Data Source
AI summary
This application provides an access control apparatus and method, and an access apparatus and method. The access control apparatus includes: a receiving unit, configured to receive a first preamble sequence; a determining unit, configured to determine an acquired-terminal group; and a sending unit, configured to send a first acquisition indicator; where the receiving unit is further configured to receive a second preamble sequence, the determining unit is further configured to determine an acquired terminal, and the sending unit is further configured to send a second acquisition indicator, where the second acquisition indicator is used to indicate access of the acquired terminal. In the present invention, a process of contending for an access resource by a terminal transforms from one-phase contention to two-phase contention, so that a quantity of preamble sequences received by the base station each time can be greatly reduced, thereby effectively reducing load of the base station.